Abstract：
The growing field of nanotechnology has witnessed numerous advancements over the past few years, particularly in the development of engineered nanoparticles. Compared with bulk materials, metal nanoparticles possess more favorable properties, such as increased chemical activity and toxicity, owing to their smaller size and larger surface area. Metal nanoparticles exhibit exceptional stability, specificity, sensitivity, and effectiveness, making them highly useful in the biomedical field. Metal nanoparticles are in high demand in biomedical nanotechnology, including Au, Ag, Pt, Cu, Zn, Co, Gd, Eu, and Er. These particles exhibit excellent physicochemical properties, including amenable functionalization, non-corrosiveness, and varying optical and electronic properties based on their size and shape. Metal nanoparticles can be modified with different targeting agents such as antibodies, liposomes, transferrin, folic acid, and carbohydrates. Thus, metal nanoparticles hold great promise for various biomedical applications such as photoacoustic imaging, magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography (CT), photothermal, and photodynamic therapy (PDT). Despite their potential, safety considerations, and regulatory hurdles must be addressed for safe clinical applications. This review highlights advancements in metal nanoparticle surface engineering and explores their integration with emerging technologies such as bioimaging, cancer therapeutics and nanomedicine. By offering valuable insights, this comprehensive review offers a deep understanding of the potential of metal nanoparticles in biomedical research.
摘要：
在过去的几年中，不断发展的纳米技术领域取得了许多进步，特别是在工程纳米粒子的开发中。与散装材料相比，金属纳米粒子具有更有利的性能，如增加化学活性和毒性，由于其更小的尺寸和更大的表面积。金属纳米粒子表现出卓越的稳定性，特异性，灵敏度,和有效性，使它们在生物医学领域非常有用。纳米生物医学技术对金属纳米颗粒的需求很高，包括Au,Ag,Pt,Cu,Zn,Co,Gd,Eu,呃.这些颗粒表现出优异的物理化学性质，包括适合的功能化，非腐蚀性，以及根据它们的大小和形状变化的光学和电子特性。金属纳米颗粒可以用不同的靶向剂如抗体修饰，脂质体，转铁蛋白,叶酸,和碳水化合物。因此，金属纳米粒子在各种生物医学应用如光声成像，磁共振成像，计算机断层扫描（CT），光热,和光动力疗法（PDT）。尽管有潜力,安全考虑,为了安全的临床应用，必须解决监管障碍。这篇综述重点介绍了金属纳米粒子表面工程的进展，并探讨了它们与生物成像等新兴技术的整合，癌症治疗和纳米医学。通过提供有价值的见解，这篇全面的综述让我们深入了解了金属纳米粒子在生物医学研究中的潜力。
