Abstract：
UNASSIGNED: There is renewed interest in whether sex differences in dementia risk exist, and what influence social and biological factors have.
UNASSIGNED: To review evidence from the Cognitive Function and Ageing Studies (CFAS), a multi-center population-representative cohort study in the UK; focusing on dementia and cognition, incorporating findings on participants\' health and social circumstances.
UNASSIGNED: After identifying all CFAS publications, the results of all sex-stratified primary analyses of CFAS data were narratively reviewed.
UNASSIGNED: Of 337 publications, 94 report results by sex (including null findings), which are summarized by theme: dementia epidemiology, cognition, mental health, health expectancy, social context and biological resource (including neuropathology).
UNASSIGNED: Where differences are found they most commonly favor men; however, greater mortality in men may confound associations with age-related outcomes. This \'survival bias\' may explain findings of greater risk of dementia and faster cognitive decline in women. Age-specific dementia incidence was similar between sexes, although reduced incidence across study generations was more pronounced in men. Mood disorders were more prevalent in women, but adjusting for disability and deprivation attenuated the association. Prominent findings from other cohorts that women have more Alzheimer\'s disease pathology and greater risk of dementia from the Apolipoprotein E ɛ4 allele were not observed, warranting further investigation. The \'male-female health-survival paradox\' is demonstrated whereby women live longer but with more comorbidity and disability. Examining why health expectancies changed differently over two decades for each sex (interacting with deprivation) may inform population interventions to improve cognitive, mental and physical health in later life.
UNASSIGNED: To review evidence from the Cognitive Function and Ageing Studies (CFAS), a multi-center population-representative cohort study in the UK; focusing on dementia and cognition, incorporating findings on participants\' health and social circumstances.
UNASSIGNED: After identifying all CFAS publications, the results of all sex-stratified primary analyses of CFAS data were narratively reviewed.
UNASSIGNED: Of 337 publications, 94 report results by sex (including null findings), which are summarized by theme: dementia epidemiology, cognition, mental health, health expectancy, social context and biological resource (including neuropathology).
UNASSIGNED: Where differences are found they most commonly favor men; however, greater mortality in men may confound associations with age-related outcomes. This \'survival bias\' may explain findings of greater risk of dementia and faster cognitive decline in women. Age-specific dementia incidence was similar between sexes, although reduced incidence across study generations was more pronounced in men. Mood disorders were more prevalent in women, but adjusting for disability and deprivation attenuated the association. Prominent findings from other cohorts that women have more Alzheimer\'s disease pathology and greater risk of dementia from the Apolipoprotein E ɛ4 allele were not observed, warranting further investigation. The \'male-female health-survival paradox\' is demonstrated whereby women live longer but with more comorbidity and disability. Examining why health expectancies changed differently over two decades for each sex (interacting with deprivation) may inform population interventions to improve cognitive, mental and physical health in later life.
摘要：
■人们对痴呆症风险是否存在性别差异重新产生了兴趣，以及社会和生物因素有什么影响。
■回顾来自认知功能和衰老研究（CFAS）的证据，英国的一项多中心人群代表性队列研究；专注于痴呆症和认知，纳入参与者健康和社会环境的调查结果。
■确定所有CFAS出版物后，我们对CFAS数据的所有性别分层主要分析结果进行了叙述性综述.
■在337种出版物中，94份按性别分列的报告结果(包括无效调查结果)，按主题总结：痴呆症流行病学，认知，心理健康,健康预期,社会背景和生物资源（包括神经病理学）。
■在发现差异的地方，他们最喜欢男人；然而，男性死亡率较高可能与年龄相关结局混淆.这种“生存偏差”可以解释女性患痴呆症的风险更大和认知能力下降更快的发现。性别之间的年龄特异性痴呆发病率相似，尽管在研究世代中发病率的降低在男性中更为明显。情绪障碍在女性中更为普遍，但是对残疾和剥夺的调整削弱了这种联系。来自其他队列的突出发现，女性有更多的阿尔茨海默病病理和更大的痴呆风险从载脂蛋白E4等位基因没有观察到，保证进一步调查。证明了“男性-女性健康-生存悖论”，即女性寿命更长，但合并症和残疾更多。检查为什么健康预期在过去的二十年中每个性别（与剥夺互动）都有不同的变化，可以为人口干预措施提供信息，以改善认知，在以后的生活中身心健康。
■回顾来自认知功能和衰老研究（CFAS）的证据，英国的一项多中心人群代表性队列研究；专注于痴呆症和认知，纳入参与者健康和社会环境的调查结果。
■确定所有CFAS出版物后，我们对CFAS数据的所有性别分层主要分析结果进行了叙述性综述.
■在337种出版物中，94份按性别分列的报告结果(包括无效调查结果)，按主题总结：痴呆症流行病学，认知，心理健康,健康预期,社会背景和生物资源（包括神经病理学）。
■在发现差异的地方，他们最喜欢男人；然而，男性死亡率较高可能与年龄相关结局混淆.这种“生存偏差”可以解释女性患痴呆症的风险更大和认知能力下降更快的发现。性别之间的年龄特异性痴呆发病率相似，尽管在研究世代中发病率的降低在男性中更为明显。情绪障碍在女性中更为普遍，但是对残疾和剥夺的调整削弱了这种联系。来自其他队列的突出发现，女性有更多的阿尔茨海默病病理和更大的痴呆风险从载脂蛋白E
