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Abstract：
Alzheimer\'s disease is the primary neurodegenerative disease affecting the elderly population. Despite the first description of its pathology over a century ago, its precise cause and molecular mechanism remain unknown. Numerous factors, including beta-amyloid, tau protein, the APOEε4 gene, and different metals, have been extensively investigated in relation to this disease. However, none of them have been proven to have a decisive causal relationship. Furthermore, no single theory has successfully integrated these puzzle pieces thus far. In this review article, we propose the most probable molecular mechanism for AD, which clearly shows the relationship between the main aspects of the disease, and addresses fundamental questions such as: Why is aging the major risk factor for the disease? Are amyloid plaques and tau tangles the causes or consequences of AD? Why are the distributions of senile plaques and tau tangles in the brain different and independent of each other? Why is the APOEε4 gene a risk factor for AD? Finally, why is the disease more prevalent in women?
摘要：
阿尔茨海默病是影响老年人群的原发性神经退行性疾病。尽管一个多世纪前首次描述了它的病理学，其确切原因和分子机制尚不清楚。众多因素,包括β-淀粉样蛋白,tau蛋白,AP0Eε4基因,不同的金属,已经广泛研究了与这种疾病的关系。然而,它们都没有被证明具有决定性的因果关系。此外，到目前为止，还没有一个理论成功地整合了这些拼图。在这篇评论文章中，我们提出了AD最可能的分子机制，这清楚地表明了疾病的主要方面之间的关系，并解决了一些基本问题，例如：为什么衰老是该疾病的主要危险因素？淀粉样蛋白斑和tau缠结是AD的原因或后果吗？为什么大脑中老年斑和tau缠结的分布彼此不同和独立？为什么APOEeε4基因是AD的危险因素？最后，为什么这种疾病在女性中更普遍？
