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Abstract：
Objective In this study, zebrafish embryos are used to study the cytotoxic effects of a novel intracanal medication (ICM) based on zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) loaded with polyherbal extracts (Azadirachta indica and Solanum xanthocarpum). Material and methods In the present study, a green and sustainable method was employed for the synthesis of ZnO NPs mixed with bark and seed extracts of Azadirachta indica and Solanum xanthocarpum to be used as a polyherbal ICM. Formulation of ZnO NPs was confirmed with color change in mixture produced upon dissolving zinc acetate dihydrate in distilled water followed by slow addition of sodium hydroxide solution and herbal extracts. The effects of these green synthesized ZnO NPs were evaluated through a zebrafish embryo toxicity test. Embryos were exposed to different concentrations (25, 50, and 100 µg/mL) of synthesized experimental doses of ZnO NP and compared with the control embryos. Toxicological endpoints, such as the zebrafish embryo\'s survival rate, hatching rate, and heart rate, were noted and described. Results A concentration-dependent increase in mortality rate and hatching delay followed by declined heart rate was observed in green synthesized ZnO NP-treated embryos. The maximum toxicity was observed with an increase in the concentration of 100 µg/mL of the experimental dose, and at a low concentration of 25 µg/mL, it does not effectively show any developmental alteration in zebrafish embryos. Conclusion A novel polyherbal ICM loaded with ZnO NPs exhibited a dose-dependent effect on the heart rate, hatching, and mortality rate of the embryos. At optimal concentrations, the medication demonstrated minimal developmental malformations and cytotoxic effects, indicating its safety for use. However, increasing concentrations of the medication resulted in severe developmental malformations.
摘要：
目的在本研究中,斑马鱼胚胎用于研究基于氧化锌纳米颗粒（ZnONPs）的新型肛门内药物（ICM）的细胞毒性作用。负载有多草药提取物（Azadirachtaindica和Solanumxanthocarpum）。材料和方法在本研究中，采用绿色和可持续的方法合成ZnONPs，并将其与印su的树皮和种子提取物混合，以用作多草药ICM。在将二水合乙酸锌溶解在蒸馏水中,随后缓慢加入氢氧化钠溶液和草药提取物后,产生混合物的颜色变化,证实了ZnO纳米颗粒的制剂。通过斑马鱼胚胎毒性测试评估了这些绿色合成的ZnONP的作用。将胚胎暴露于不同浓度（25、50和100µg/mL）的合成实验剂量的ZnONP中，并与对照胚胎进行比较。毒理学终点，如斑马鱼胚胎的存活率，孵化率,和心率,被记录和描述。结果在绿色合成的ZnONP处理的胚胎中观察到死亡率和孵化延迟的浓度依赖性增加，随后心率下降。随着实验剂量的100µg/mL浓度的增加，观察到最大毒性，在25µg/mL的低浓度下，它没有有效地显示斑马鱼胚胎的任何发育改变。结论负载ZnONPs的新型多草药ICM对心率表现出剂量依赖性作用，孵化,和胚胎的死亡率。在最佳浓度下，这种药物表现出最小的发育畸形和细胞毒性作用，表明其使用的安全性。然而,药物浓度的增加导致严重的发育畸形。
