Abstract：
A wide variety of infections can trigger cytokine storm syndromes including those caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites. The most frequent viral trigger is Epstein-.Barr virus which is covered in Chapter 16. CSS associated with COVID-19 is also discussed separately (Chapter 22). This chapter will focus on other viruses including the hemorrhagic fever viruses, influenza, parainfluenza, adenovirus, parvovirus, hepatitis viruses, measles, mumps, rubella, enterovirus, parechovirus, rotavirus, human metapneumovirus and human T-lymphotropic virus. The published literature consists of many single case reports and moderate-sized case series reporting CSS, in most circumstances meeting the 2004 diagnostic criteria for hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH). There is no published clinical trial evidence specifically for management of HLH associated with these viruses. In some situations, patients received supportive therapy and blood product transfusions only but in most cases, they were treated with one or more of intravenous corticosteroids, intravenous immunoglobulin and/or etoposide. These were successful in many patients although in significant numbers progression of infection to CSS was associated with mortality.
摘要：
各种各样的感染可以引发细胞因子风暴综合征，包括由细菌引起的疾病，病毒,真菌和寄生虫。最常见的病毒触发因素是Epstein-。巴尔病毒，在第16章中介绍。与COVID-19相关的CSS也将单独讨论(第22章)。本章将重点介绍其他病毒，包括出血热病毒，流感,副流感,腺病毒，细小病毒,肝炎病毒，麻疹,腮腺炎,风疹,肠病毒,副病毒,轮状病毒，人类偏肺病毒和人类嗜T淋巴细胞病毒。已发表的文献包括许多单病例报告和中等规模的病例系列报告CSS，在大多数情况下符合2004年噬血细胞性淋巴组织细胞增生症（HLH）的诊断标准。没有公开的临床试验证据专门用于管理与这些病毒相关的HLH。在某些情况下,患者仅接受支持治疗和输血，但在大多数情况下，他们用一种或多种静脉注射皮质类固醇治疗，静脉注射免疫球蛋白和/或依托泊苷。这些在许多患者中是成功的，尽管感染到CSS的显着进展与死亡率有关。
