Abstract：
Cytokine storm syndrome (CSS) is a severe life-threatening condition characterized by a clinical phenotype of overwhelming systemic inflammation, hyperferritinemia, hemodynamic instability, and multiple organ failure (MOF), and, if untreated, it can potentially lead to death. The hallmark of CSS is an uncontrolled and dysfunctional immune response involving the continual activation and expansion of lymphocytes and macrophages, which secrete large amounts of cytokines, causing a cytokine storm. Many clinical features of CSS can be explained by the effects of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interferon (IFN)-γ, tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, and IL-18 [1-7]. These cytokines are elevated in most patients with CSS as well as in animal models of CSS [8, 9]. A constellation of symptoms, signs, and laboratory abnormalities occurs that depends on the severity of the syndrome, the underlying predisposing conditions, and the triggering agent.
摘要：
细胞因子风暴综合征（CSS）是一种严重的危及生命的疾病，其特征是压倒性的全身性炎症的临床表型，高铁蛋白血症,血流动力学不稳定,多器官衰竭（MOF），and,如果不治疗,有可能导致死亡.CSS的标志是一种不受控制和功能失调的免疫反应，涉及淋巴细胞和巨噬细胞的持续激活和扩增，分泌大量细胞因子，引起细胞因子风暴。CSS的许多临床特征可以通过促炎细胞因子的作用来解释，如干扰素（IFN）-γ，肿瘤坏死因子(TNF),白细胞介素（IL）-1，IL-6和IL-18[1-7]。这些细胞因子在大多数CSS患者以及CSS动物模型中升高[8,9]。一系列症状，标志,实验室异常的发生取决于综合征的严重程度，潜在的易感条件，和触发剂。
