Abstract：
Seric hyperviscosity syndrome is a medical emergency linked to hyperproteinemia. The clinical diagnosis hinges on a triad of symptoms: mucosal hemorrhages, visual disturbances, and neurological disorders, observed in the most severe cases. Diagnosis is swiftly confirmed through an urgent fundoscopic examination. Therapeutic plasma exchange is the primary treatment for severe cases or following confirmation by fundoscopy. Laboratory tests predominantly identify the syndrome\'s etiology, with Waldenström\'s macroglobulinemia (characterized by a marked IgM peak) being the most common cause, followed by multiple myeloma and cryoglobulinemias. To prevent recurrence, targeted treatment of the underlying cause is implemented following plasma exchange sessions.
摘要：
血清高粘血症是一种与高蛋白血症有关的医疗急症。临床诊断取决于一系列症状：粘膜出血，视觉障碍,和神经系统疾病，在最严重的情况下观察到。通过紧急眼底镜检查迅速确认诊断。治疗性血浆置换是严重病例或通过眼底镜检查确认后的主要治疗方法。实验室检查主要确定综合征的病因，最常见的原因是Waldenström的巨球蛋白血症（以明显的IgM峰值为特征），其次是多发性骨髓瘤和冷球蛋白血症。为了防止复发，在进行血浆置换后,对根本原因进行有针对性的治疗.
