Abstract：
Phyllosphere microbes play a crucial role in plant health and productivity. However, the influence of abiotic and biotic factors on these communities is poorly understood. Here, we used amplicon sequencing to investigate the microbiome variations across eight grape cultivars and three distinct leaf ages. The diversity and richness of phyllosphere microbiomes were significantly affected by cultivars and leaf age. Young leaves of most grape cultivars had a higher diversity. Beta-diversity analyses revealed notable differences in microbial communities across leaf ages, with bacterial communities varying substantially between cultivars. The main bacterial genera included Staphylococcus, Exiguobacterium, Acinetobacter, Enterococcus, and Erwinia; the principal fungal genera were Cladosporium, Moesziomyces, Alternaria, Didymella, and Coprinellus across all samples. LEfSe analysis revealed significant differences in bacterial and fungal biomarkers at different leaf ages, with no biomarkers identified among different cultivars. Fungal biomarkers were more abundant than bacterial at three leaf ages, and older leaves had more fungal biomarkers. Notably, beneficial microbial taxa with biocontrol potential were present on the phyllosphere at 45 d, whereas certain fungal groups associated with increased disease risk were first detected at 100 d. The bacterial network was more complex than the fungal network, and young leaves had a more complex network in most cultivars. Our study elucidated the dynamics of early grape phyllosphere microbes, providing valuable insights for early detection and prediction of grape diseases and a foundation for leveraging the grape leaf microbiome for agricultural purposes.
摘要：
毛圈微生物在植物健康和生产力中起着至关重要的作用。然而,人们对非生物和生物因素对这些群落的影响知之甚少。这里,我们使用扩增子测序来研究八个葡萄品种和三个不同叶龄的微生物组变化。品种和叶龄显著影响叶球微生物群的多样性和丰富度。大多数葡萄品种的幼叶具有较高的多样性。β多样性分析显示，不同叶龄的微生物群落存在显著差异，不同品种之间的细菌群落差异很大。主要细菌属包括葡萄球菌，Exiguobacterium,不动杆菌,肠球菌,和欧文氏菌；主要的真菌属是枝孢菌，Moesziomyces,Alternaria,迪迪梅拉,和所有样本中的Coprinellus。LEfSe分析显示，不同叶龄的细菌和真菌生物标志物存在显着差异，在不同品种之间没有发现生物标志物。在三个叶龄时，真菌生物标志物比细菌更丰富，和较老的叶子有更多的真菌生物标志物。值得注意的是,在45d时，叶球上存在具有生物防治潜力的有益微生物类群，而某些与疾病风险增加相关的真菌组于100d首次检测到。细菌网络比真菌网络更复杂，在大多数品种中，幼叶的网络更为复杂。我们的研究阐明了早期葡萄叶球微生物的动力学，为葡萄疾病的早期检测和预测提供有价值的见解，并为利用葡萄叶片微生物组用于农业目的奠定基础。
