Abstract：
Adenosine is a neuro- and immunomodulator that functions via G protein-coupled cell surface receptors. Several microbes, including viruses, use the adenosine signaling pathway to escape from host defense systems. Since the recent research developments in its role in health and disease, adenosine and its signaling pathway have attracted attention for targeting to treat many diseases. The therapeutic role of adenosine has been extensively studied for neurological, cardiovascular, and inflammatory disorders and bacterial pathophysiology, but published data on the role of adenosine in viral infections are lacking. Therefore, the purpose of this review article was to explain in detail the therapeutic role of adenosine signaling against viral infections, particularly COVID-19 and HIV. Several therapeutic approaches targeting A2AR-mediated pathways are in development and have shown encouraging results in decreasing the intensity of inflammatory reaction. The hypoxia-adenosinergic mechanism provides protection from inflammation-mediated tissue injury during COVID-19. A2AR expression increased remarkably in CD39 + and CD8 + T cells harvested from HIV patients in comparison to healthy subjects. A combined in vitro treatment performed by blocking PD-1 and CD39/adenosine signaling produced a synergistic outcome in restoring the CD8 + T cells funstion in HIV patients. We suggest that A2AR is an ideal target for pharmacological interventions against viral infections because it reduces inflammation, prevents disease progression, and ultimately improves patient survival.
摘要：
腺苷是通过G蛋白偶联细胞表面受体起作用的神经和免疫调节剂。几种微生物，包括病毒,利用腺苷信号通路逃避宿主防御系统。由于其在健康和疾病中的作用最近的研究进展，腺苷及其信号通路因靶向治疗多种疾病而备受关注。腺苷的治疗作用已经被广泛的研究神经学,心血管,炎症性疾病和细菌病理生理学，但是缺乏有关腺苷在病毒感染中作用的公开数据。因此,这篇综述文章的目的是详细解释腺苷信号对病毒感染的治疗作用，特别是COVID-19和HIV。针对A2AR介导的途径的几种治疗方法正在开发中，并在降低炎症反应的强度方面显示出令人鼓舞的结果。在COVID-19期间，缺氧-腺苷化能机制提供了对炎症介导的组织损伤的保护。与健康受试者相比，从HIV患者收获的CD39和CD8T细胞中的A2AR表达显着增加。通过阻断PD-1和CD39/腺苷信号传导进行的联合体外治疗在恢复HIV患者的CD8+T细胞功能方面产生了协同结果。我们建议A2AR是针对病毒感染的药物干预的理想目标，因为它可以减少炎症。防止疾病进展，并最终提高患者的生存率。
