Abstract：
OBJECTIVE: The Nine Item ARFID Scale (NIAS) is a widely used measure assessing symptoms of avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID). Previous studies suggest that individuals with eating disorders driven by shape/weight concerns also have elevated scores on the NIAS. To further describe NIAS scores among individuals with diverse current and previous eating disorders, we characterized NIAS scores in a large sample of individuals with eating disorders and evaluated overlap in symptoms measured by the NIAS and the Eating Disorder Examination-Questionnaire (EDE-Q) version 6.0.
METHODS: Our sample comprised 9148 participants from the Eating Disorders Genetics Initiative Sweden (EDGI-SE), who completed surveys including NIAS and EDE-Q. NIAS scores were calculated and compared by eating disorder diagnostic group using descriptive statistics and linear models.
RESULTS: Participants with current anorexia nervosa demonstrated the highest mean NIAS scores and had the greatest proportion (57.0%) of individuals scoring above a clinical cutoff on at least one of the NIAS subscales. Individuals with bulimia nervosa, binge-eating disorder, and other specified feeding or eating disorder also demonstrated elevated NIAS scores compared to individuals with no lifetime history of an eating disorder (ps < 0.05). All subscales of the NIAS showed small to moderate correlations with all subscales of the EDE-Q (rs = 0.26-0.40).
CONCLUSIONS: Our results substantiate that individuals with eating disorders other than ARFID demonstrate elevated scores on the NIAS, suggesting that this tool is inadequate on its own for differentiating ARFID from shape/weight-motivated eating disorders. Further research is needed to inform clinical interventions addressing the co-occurrence of ARFID-related drivers and shape/weight-related motivation for dietary restriction.
METHODS: Our sample comprised 9148 participants from the Eating Disorders Genetics Initiative Sweden (EDGI-SE), who completed surveys including NIAS and EDE-Q. NIAS scores were calculated and compared by eating disorder diagnostic group using descriptive statistics and linear models.
RESULTS: Participants with current anorexia nervosa demonstrated the highest mean NIAS scores and had the greatest proportion (57.0%) of individuals scoring above a clinical cutoff on at least one of the NIAS subscales. Individuals with bulimia nervosa, binge-eating disorder, and other specified feeding or eating disorder also demonstrated elevated NIAS scores compared to individuals with no lifetime history of an eating disorder (ps < 0.05). All subscales of the NIAS showed small to moderate correlations with all subscales of the EDE-Q (rs = 0.26-0.40).
CONCLUSIONS: Our results substantiate that individuals with eating disorders other than ARFID demonstrate elevated scores on the NIAS, suggesting that this tool is inadequate on its own for differentiating ARFID from shape/weight-motivated eating disorders. Further research is needed to inform clinical interventions addressing the co-occurrence of ARFID-related drivers and shape/weight-related motivation for dietary restriction.
摘要：
目的：九项ARFID量表（NIAS）是一种广泛使用的评估回避性/限制性食物摄入障碍（ARFID）症状的方法。先前的研究表明，由形状/体重引起的饮食失调的个体在NIAS上的得分也有所提高。为了进一步描述不同的当前和以前的饮食失调个体的NIAS评分，我们对大量进食障碍患者的NIAS评分进行了表征,并评估了由NIAS和进食障碍检查问卷(EDE-Q)6.0版测量的症状重叠.
方法：我们的样本包括来自瑞典饮食失调遗传学倡议（EDGI-SE）的9148名参与者，谁完成了包括NIAS和EDE-Q在内的调查。使用描述性统计和线性模型计算和比较饮食失调诊断组的NIAS评分。
结果：当前患有神经性厌食症的参与者表现出最高的平均NIAS评分，并且在至少一个NIAS分量表上得分超过临床截止值的个体比例最大（57.0％）。患有神经性贪食症的人，暴饮暴食症,和其他特定的进食或进食障碍也显示与无进食障碍终生病史的个体相比NIAS评分升高(ps<0.05)。NIAS的所有子量表与EDE-Q的所有子量表均显示出小到中等的相关性（rs=0.26-0.40）。
结论：我们的结果证实，除ARFID外，进食障碍患者在NIAS上的得分更高，这表明该工具本身不足以将ARFID与形状/体重驱动的饮食失调区分开来。需要进一步的研究来告知临床干预措施，以解决与ARFID相关的驱动因素和与饮食限制的形状/体重相关的动机的共同出现。
方法：我们的样本包括来自瑞典饮食失调遗传学倡议（EDGI-SE）的9148名参与者，谁完成了包括NIAS和EDE-Q在内的调查。使用描述性统计和线性模型计算和比较饮食失调诊断组的NIAS评分。
结果：当前患有神经性厌食症的参与者表现出最高的平均NIAS评分，并且在至少一个NIAS分量表上得分超过临床截止值的个体比例最大（57.0％）。患有神经性贪食症的人，暴饮暴食症,和其他特定的进食或进食障碍也显示与无进食障碍终生病史的个体相比NIAS评分升高(ps<0.05)。NIAS的所有子量表与EDE-Q的所有子量表均显示出小到中等的相关性（rs=0.26-0.40）。
结论：我们的结果证实，除ARFID外，进食障碍患者在NIAS上的得分更高，这表明该工具本身不足以将ARFID与形状/体重驱动的饮食失调区分开来。需要进一步的研究来告知临床干预措施，以解决与ARFID相关的驱动因素和与饮食限制的形状/体重相关的动机的共同出现。
