Abstract：
OBJECTIVE: Ketamine can induce persisting psychosis in a subset of individuals who use it chronically and heavily. Previously, we found that the psychopathology and cognitive impairments in patients with ketamine dependence (KD) exhibiting persistent psychosis (KPP) bear resemblances with schizophrenia, albeit with less severity in those with no persistent psychosis (KNP). Furthermore, we also showed that patients with KD had higher blood levels of neurofilament light chain (NFL), a biomarker for neuroaxonal injury, compared to healthy controls. In this study, we aimed to investigate the differences in NFL levels between patients with KPP and KNP while comparing the levels of individuals with schizophrenia and healthy controls.
METHODS: We enrolled 64 treatment-seeking ketamine-dependent patients (53 with KNP and 11 with KPP), 37 medication-free patients with schizophrenia, and 80 healthy controls. Blood NFL levels were measured by single molecule array immunoassay.
RESULTS: NFL levels were highest in the KPP subgroup, followed by the KNP subgroup, and then the schizophrenia and control groups (mean ± SD: 24.5 ± 24.7, 12.9 ± 10.9, 9.2 ± 12.2, and 6.2 ± 2.2 pg/mL, respectively), with no significant difference observed between the schizophrenia and control groups.
CONCLUSIONS: We found that KD is associated with higher NFL levels compared to schizophrenia, with the KPP subgroup showing the most consistent alterations. The observation of accentuated neuroaxonal pathology in individuals with KPP implies that this clinical manifestation is associated with a specific neurobiological phenotype, despite prior evidence suggesting syndromal similarity between schizophrenia and KPP.
METHODS: We enrolled 64 treatment-seeking ketamine-dependent patients (53 with KNP and 11 with KPP), 37 medication-free patients with schizophrenia, and 80 healthy controls. Blood NFL levels were measured by single molecule array immunoassay.
RESULTS: NFL levels were highest in the KPP subgroup, followed by the KNP subgroup, and then the schizophrenia and control groups (mean ± SD: 24.5 ± 24.7, 12.9 ± 10.9, 9.2 ± 12.2, and 6.2 ± 2.2 pg/mL, respectively), with no significant difference observed between the schizophrenia and control groups.
CONCLUSIONS: We found that KD is associated with higher NFL levels compared to schizophrenia, with the KPP subgroup showing the most consistent alterations. The observation of accentuated neuroaxonal pathology in individuals with KPP implies that this clinical manifestation is associated with a specific neurobiological phenotype, despite prior evidence suggesting syndromal similarity between schizophrenia and KPP.
摘要：
目的：氯胺酮可以在长期和大量使用氯胺酮的一部分个体中诱发持续性精神病。以前,我们发现，氯胺酮依赖（KD）患者表现出持续性精神病（KPP）的精神病理学和认知障碍与精神分裂症相似，尽管在没有持续性精神病（KNP）的患者中严重程度较低。此外，我们还显示，KD患者的血液神经丝轻链（NFL）水平较高，神经轴索损伤的生物标志物，与健康对照相比。在这项研究中,我们旨在调查KPP和KNP患者之间NFL水平的差异,同时比较精神分裂症患者和健康对照组的水平.
方法：我们招募了64名寻求治疗的氯胺酮依赖患者（53名KNP和11名KPP），37名精神分裂症患者不用药，和80个健康对照。通过单分子阵列免疫测定来测量血液NFL水平。
结果：NFL水平在KPP亚组中最高，其次是KNP子组，然后是精神分裂症组和对照组（平均值±SD：24.5±24.7、12.9±10.9、9.2±12.2和6.2±2.2pg/mL，分别)，精神分裂症组和对照组之间没有显着差异。
结论：我们发现与精神分裂症相比，KD与更高的NFL水平相关，KPP亚组显示最一致的改变。在KPP患者中观察到的神经轴突病变表明，这种临床表现与特定的神经生物学表型有关。尽管先前有证据表明精神分裂症和KPP之间存在综合征相似性。
方法：我们招募了64名寻求治疗的氯胺酮依赖患者（53名KNP和11名KPP），37名精神分裂症患者不用药，和80个健康对照。通过单分子阵列免疫测定来测量血液NFL水平。
结果：NFL水平在KPP亚组中最高，其次是KNP子组，然后是精神分裂症组和对照组（平均值±SD：24.5±24.7、12.9±10.9、9.2±12.2和6.2±2.2pg/mL，分别)，精神分裂症组和对照组之间没有显着差异。
结论：我们发现与精神分裂症相比，KD与更高的NFL水平相关，KPP亚组显示最一致的改变。在KPP患者中观察到的神经轴突病变表明，这种临床表现与特定的神经生物学表型有关。尽管先前有证据表明精神分裂症和KPP之间存在综合征相似性。
