Abstract：
To address urban turtle sampling challenges, we presented Hookless fishing with clip, a cost-effective method for sampling this important group. Effectiveness, biases and potential advantages were analysed in comparison to two commonly used methods (funnel trap and hand capture). Fieldwork was conducted between August and November/2021 in four areas in Brazil, using the three methods simultaneously. A total of 195 turtles from four species (Phrynops geoffroanus, Hydromedusa tectifera, Trachemys dorbigni and T. scripta elegans) were captured. Funnel trap demonstrate a significantly higher capture than hand capture, while Hookless fishing showed no significant difference in captures compared to funnel trap. The highest catch per unit effort values were observed for the new method (0.37) and the funnel trap (0.34). Despite being widely used, funnel traps were the only method to exhibit male bias. Our findings revealed that Hookless fishing with clip exhibited remarkable capture efficiency, cost-effectiveness, and ease of transport and utilization; however, it requires operator presence. Nevertheless, the proposed method, both as the primary or auxiliary approach, appears efficient in enhancing captures and reducing costs and risks. This innovative method has the potential to assist researchers studying omnivorous and carnivores freshwater turtles in environments worldwide, especially in human settlements.
摘要：
为了应对城市海龟采样的挑战，我们用夹子展示了无钩钓鱼，对这一重要群体进行抽样的一种经济有效的方法。有效性,与两种常用方法（漏斗陷阱和手捕获）相比，对偏见和潜在优势进行了分析。实地考察工作于2021年8月至11月在巴西的四个地区进行，同时使用这三种方法。共有来自四个物种的195只海龟（Phrynopsgeoffroanus，水母,捕获了Trachemysdorbigni和T.scriptaelegans）。漏斗陷阱的捕获率明显高于手动捕获，与漏斗陷阱相比，无钩捕鱼在捕获方面没有显着差异。对于新方法（0.37）和漏斗捕集器（0.34），观察到最高的单位努力捕获量值。尽管被广泛使用,漏斗陷阱是唯一表现出男性偏见的方法。我们的发现表明，带夹子的无钩捕鱼具有显着的捕获效率，成本效益，以及运输和利用的便利性；然而，它需要操作员在场。然而，提出的方法，作为主要或辅助方法，在增强捕获和降低成本和风险方面显得有效。这种创新方法有可能帮助研究人员在全球环境中研究杂食性和食肉动物淡水龟，尤其是在人类住区。
