PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
High winter mortality of honey bees (Apis mellifera) has been observed in temperate regions over the past 30 years. Several biotic and abiotic stressors associated with winter colony losses have been identified, but the mechanisms and interactions underlying their effects remain unclear. We reviewed the effects of stressors on key overwintering biological traits, distinguishing between individual and colony traits. We found that disturbances at the level of individual traits can be amplified when transmitted to colony traits. By analyzing these cascading effects, we propose a concept of a feedback loop mechanism of winter mortality. We found that population size, social thermoregulation and honey reserve are integrative traits and can predict overwintering failure. Furthermore, we identified social thermoregulation as a good candidate for an early warning indicator. We therefore discuss existing tools for monitoring hive temperature to help mitigate the current high winter mortality of honey bees and support the sustainability of beekeeping.
摘要：
在过去的30年中，在温带地区观察到蜜蜂（Apismellifera）的冬季死亡率很高。已经确定了几种与冬季菌落损失相关的生物和非生物应激源，但其影响的机制和相互作用仍不清楚.我们回顾了胁迫因素对关键越冬生物学性状的影响，区分个体和群体特征。我们发现，当传播到殖民地性状时，个体性状水平的干扰会被放大。通过分析这些级联效应，我们提出了冬季死亡率反馈循环机制的概念.我们发现人口规模，社会温度调节和蜂蜜储备是综合性状，可以预测越冬失败。此外，我们认为社会体温调节是早期预警指标的良好候选指标.因此，我们讨论了用于监测蜂巢温度的现有工具，以帮助减轻当前蜜蜂冬季高死亡率并支持养蜂的可持续性。
