Abstract：
BACKGROUND: A high burden of unintentional fatal drowning has been reported in low- and middle-income countries. However, little is known about unintentional drowning in Indonesia.
METHODS: This population-based retrospective cohort study analysed unintentional drowning data for Indonesia sourced from The Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Estimates of trends, mortality rates, incidence rates, years lived with disability (YLDs) and disability adjusted life years were generated.
RESULTS: A decline in unintentional drowning mortality rates was observed, with an average annual mortality rate of 2.58/100 000. Males were 1.81 (95% CI 1.79 to 1.84) times more likely than females to unintentionally drown. Average annual mortality rates were highest among the under-5 age group (9.67/100 000) and 70 and over (5.71/100 000 for males; 5.14/100 000 for females). Distributions of drowning deaths vary depending on region, with mortality rates higher in Papua, Kalimantan, Sulawesi, Maluku, Sumatra and Nusa Tenggara regions.
CONCLUSIONS: While a decline in drowning mortality rates in Indonesia was identified between 2005 and 2019, mortality rates for unintentional drowning remained high among children under 5 years, the elderly population and those residing in Papua, Kalimantan, Sulawesi, Maluku, Sumatra and Nusa Tenggara, warranting further focused attention.
CONCLUSIONS: A downward trend in the rate of unintentional drowning deaths in Indonesia is observed from 2005 onwards, with risk variation based on age, gender and region. The findings highlight the importance of addressing drowning as a cause of premature mortality and health system burden in Indonesia, including through enhancing drowning data collection systems and identifying drowning risk factors.
METHODS: This population-based retrospective cohort study analysed unintentional drowning data for Indonesia sourced from The Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Estimates of trends, mortality rates, incidence rates, years lived with disability (YLDs) and disability adjusted life years were generated.
RESULTS: A decline in unintentional drowning mortality rates was observed, with an average annual mortality rate of 2.58/100 000. Males were 1.81 (95% CI 1.79 to 1.84) times more likely than females to unintentionally drown. Average annual mortality rates were highest among the under-5 age group (9.67/100 000) and 70 and over (5.71/100 000 for males; 5.14/100 000 for females). Distributions of drowning deaths vary depending on region, with mortality rates higher in Papua, Kalimantan, Sulawesi, Maluku, Sumatra and Nusa Tenggara regions.
CONCLUSIONS: While a decline in drowning mortality rates in Indonesia was identified between 2005 and 2019, mortality rates for unintentional drowning remained high among children under 5 years, the elderly population and those residing in Papua, Kalimantan, Sulawesi, Maluku, Sumatra and Nusa Tenggara, warranting further focused attention.
CONCLUSIONS: A downward trend in the rate of unintentional drowning deaths in Indonesia is observed from 2005 onwards, with risk variation based on age, gender and region. The findings highlight the importance of addressing drowning as a cause of premature mortality and health system burden in Indonesia, including through enhancing drowning data collection systems and identifying drowning risk factors.
摘要：
背景：据报道，低收入和中等收入国家的意外致命溺水负担很高。然而,人们对印度尼西亚的意外溺水知之甚少。
方法：这项基于人群的回顾性队列研究分析了来自2019年全球疾病负担研究的印度尼西亚无意溺水数据。趋势估计，死亡率,发病率，产生了残疾生活年(YLDs)和残疾调整生活年。
结果：观察到意外溺水死亡率下降，年平均死亡率为2.58/100000。男性无意溺水的可能性是女性的1.81倍（95％CI1.79至1.84）。5岁以下年龄组（9.67/100000）和70岁及以上年龄组（男性为5.71/100000；女性为5.14/100000）的平均年死亡率最高。溺水死亡的分布因地区而异，巴布亚的死亡率更高，加里曼丹,苏拉威西岛,马鲁古,苏门答腊和努沙登加拉地区。
结论：虽然印度尼西亚在2005年至2019年期间发现溺水死亡率有所下降，但5岁以下儿童的意外溺水死亡率仍然很高。老年人和居住在巴布亚的人，加里曼丹,苏拉威西岛,马鲁古,苏门答腊和努沙登加拉,值得进一步集中关注。
结论：从2005年开始，印度尼西亚的意外溺水死亡率呈下降趋势，基于年龄的风险变化，性别和地区。调查结果强调了解决溺水作为印度尼西亚过早死亡和卫生系统负担的原因的重要性，包括通过加强溺水数据收集系统和确定溺水风险因素。
方法：这项基于人群的回顾性队列研究分析了来自2019年全球疾病负担研究的印度尼西亚无意溺水数据。趋势估计，死亡率,发病率，产生了残疾生活年(YLDs)和残疾调整生活年。
结果：观察到意外溺水死亡率下降，年平均死亡率为2.58/100000。男性无意溺水的可能性是女性的1.81倍（95％CI1.79至1.84）。5岁以下年龄组（9.67/100000）和70岁及以上年龄组（男性为5.71/100000；女性为5.14/100000）的平均年死亡率最高。溺水死亡的分布因地区而异，巴布亚的死亡率更高，加里曼丹,苏拉威西岛,马鲁古,苏门答腊和努沙登加拉地区。
结论：虽然印度尼西亚在2005年至2019年期间发现溺水死亡率有所下降，但5岁以下儿童的意外溺水死亡率仍然很高。老年人和居住在巴布亚的人，加里曼丹,苏拉威西岛,马鲁古,苏门答腊和努沙登加拉,值得进一步集中关注。
结论：从2005年开始，印度尼西亚的意外溺水死亡率呈下降趋势，基于年龄的风险变化，性别和地区。调查结果强调了解决溺水作为印度尼西亚过早死亡和卫生系统负担的原因的重要性，包括通过加强溺水数据收集系统和确定溺水风险因素。
