Abstract：
Milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) is a three-layer membrane-like structure encasing natural milk fat globules (MFGs). MFGM holds promise as a nutritional supplement because of the numerous physiological functions of its constituent protein. This review summarizes and compares the differences in MFGM protein composition across various species, including bovines, goats, camels, mares, and donkeys, and different lactation periods, such as colostrum and mature milk, as assessed by techniques such as proteomics and mass spectrometry. We also discuss the health benefits of MFGM proteins throughout life. MFGM proteins promote intestinal development, neurodevelopment, and glucose and lipid metabolism by upregulating tight junction protein expression, brain function-related genes, and glucose and fatty acid biosynthesis processes. We focus on the mechanisms underlying these beneficial effects of MFGM proteins. MFGM proteins activate key substances in in signaling pathways, such as the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B, mitogen-activated protein kinase, and myosin light chain kinase signaling pathways. Overall, the consumption of MFGM proteins plays an essential role in conferring health benefits, some of which are important throughout the mammalian life cycle.
Types and amounts of MFGM proteins in mammals, as assessed by proteomic and mass spectrometry analysis, are summarized.Colostrum MFGM contains more acute phase proteins, whereas mature milk has higher levels of mucins (1 and 15), ADPH, XDH, and FABP.Health benefits of MFGM proteins, including intestinal development, neurodevelopment, and immune activity enhancement, are summarized.MFGM proteins have been shown to significantly activate the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway, promoting cell proliferation and glycolipid metabolism.
Types and amounts of MFGM proteins in mammals, as assessed by proteomic and mass spectrometry analysis, are summarized.Colostrum MFGM contains more acute phase proteins, whereas mature milk has higher levels of mucins (1 and 15), ADPH, XDH, and FABP.Health benefits of MFGM proteins, including intestinal development, neurodevelopment, and immune activity enhancement, are summarized.MFGM proteins have been shown to significantly activate the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway, promoting cell proliferation and glycolipid metabolism.
摘要：
乳脂肪球膜(MFGM)是包裹天然乳脂肪球(MFGs)的三层膜状结构。MFGM由于其组成蛋白质的许多生理功能而有望作为营养补充剂。这篇综述总结并比较了不同物种之间MFGM蛋白组成的差异，包括牛,山羊,骆驼,马雷斯,还有驴,和不同的哺乳期，如初乳和成熟牛奶，通过蛋白质组学和质谱等技术评估。我们还讨论了MFGM蛋白质在整个生命中的健康益处。MFGM蛋白促进肠道发育，神经发育，通过上调紧密连接蛋白表达来促进葡萄糖和脂质代谢，大脑功能相关基因，以及葡萄糖和脂肪酸的生物合成过程。我们专注于MFGM蛋白的这些有益作用的潜在机制。MFGM蛋白激活信号通路中的关键物质，如磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶/蛋白激酶B，丝裂原活化蛋白激酶,和肌球蛋白轻链激酶信号通路。总的来说,MFGM蛋白的消费在赋予健康益处方面起着至关重要的作用，其中一些在整个哺乳动物生命周期中都很重要。
哺乳动物中MFGM蛋白的类型和数量，通过蛋白质组学和质谱分析评估，是总结的。初乳MFGM含有更多的急性期蛋白，而成熟的牛奶有更高水平的粘蛋白（1和15），ADPH,XDH,和FABP。MFGM蛋白的健康益处，包括肠道发育，神经发育，和增强免疫活性，是总结的。MFGM蛋白已被证明显著激活PI3K/Akt/mTOR信号通路，促进细胞增殖和糖脂代谢。
哺乳动物中MFGM蛋白的类型和数量，通过蛋白质组学和质谱分析评估，是总结的。初乳MFGM含有更多的急性期蛋白，而成熟的牛奶有更高水平的粘蛋白（1和15），ADPH,XDH,和FABP。MFGM蛋白的健康益处，包括肠道发育，神经发育，和增强免疫活性，是总结的。MFGM蛋白已被证明显著激活PI3K/Akt/mTOR信号通路，促进细胞增殖和糖脂代谢。
