Abstract：
Gastric cancers (GCs) are among the most common and fatal malignancies in the world. Despite our increasing understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying GC, further biomarkers are still needed for more in-depth examination, focused prognosis, and treatment. GC is one among the long non-coding RNAs, or lncRNAs, that have emerged as key regulators of the pathophysiology of cancer. This comprehensive review focuses on the diverse functions of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in the development of GC and their interactions with important intracellular signaling pathways. LncRNAs affect GC-related carcinogenic signaling cascades including pathways for EGFR, PI3K/AKT/mTOR, p53, Wnt/β-catenin, JAK/STAT, Hedgehog, NF-κB, and hypoxia-inducible factor. Dysregulated long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) expression has been associated with multiple characteristics of cancer, such as extended growth, apoptosis resistance, enhanced invasion and metastasis, angiogenesis, and therapy resistance. For instance, lncRNAs such as HOTAIR, MALAT1, and H19 promote the development of GC via altering these pathways. Beyond their main roles, GC lncRNAs exhibit potential as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. The overview discusses CRISPR/Cas9 genome-modifying methods, antisense oligonucleotides, small molecules, and RNA interference as potential therapeutic approaches to regulate the expression of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs). An in-depth discussion of the intricate functions that lncRNAs play in the development of the majority of stomach malignancies is provided in this review. It provides the groundwork for future translational research in lncRNA-based whole processes toward GC by highlighting their carcinogenic effects, regulatory roles in significant signaling cascades, and practical scientific uses as biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
摘要：
胃癌（GC）是世界上最常见和致命的恶性肿瘤之一。尽管我们越来越了解GC的分子机制，更深入的检查仍需要进一步的生物标志物，聚焦预后，和治疗。GC是长链非编码RNA之一，或lncRNAs，已经成为癌症病理生理学的关键调节因子。这篇全面的综述集中于长链非编码RNA（lncRNAs）在GC发展中的不同功能以及它们与重要的细胞内信号通路的相互作用。LncRNAs影响GC相关致癌信号级联，包括EGFR通路，PI3K/AKT/mTOR,p53,Wnt/β-catenin,JAK/STAT,刺猬,NF-κB,和缺氧诱导因子。长链非编码RNA(lncRNA)表达失调与多种癌症特征相关,比如延长增长，凋亡抗性，增强的侵袭和转移，血管生成,和治疗抵抗。例如,lncRNAs，如HOTAIR，MALAT1和H19通过改变这些途径促进GC的发展。除了他们的主要角色，GClncRNAs显示出作为诊断和预后生物标志物的潜力。概述讨论了CRISPR/Cas9基因组修饰方法，反义寡核苷酸,小分子,和RNA干扰作为调节长链非编码RNA（lncRNAs）表达的潜在治疗方法。这篇综述提供了对lncRNAs在大多数胃恶性肿瘤发展中发挥的复杂功能的深入讨论。它通过突出它们的致癌作用，为将来在基于lncRNA的整个过程中对GC的翻译研究提供了基础，在重要的信号级联中的调节作用，以及作为生物标志物和治疗靶标的实际科学用途。
