Abstract：
Macrophages play crucial roles in the tumor microenvironment (TME), exerting diverse functions ranging from promoting tumor growth and metastasis to orchestrating anti-tumor immune responses. Their plasticity allows them to adopt distinct activation states, often called M1-like (pro-inflammatory) and M2-like (anti-inflammatory or pro-tumoral), significantly influencing tumor progression and response to therapy. Harnessing the potential of macrophages in cancer immunotherapy has emerged as a promising strategy, with increasing interest in targeting these cells directly or modulating their functions within the TME. This review explores the intricate interplay between macrophages, the TME, and immunotherapeutic approaches. We discuss the dynamic phenotypic and functional heterogeneity of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), their impact on disease progression, and the mechanisms underlying their response to immunotherapy. Furthermore, we highlight recent advancements in macrophage-based immunotherapeutic strategies, including macrophage-targeting agents, adoptive cell transfer, and engineering approaches. Understanding the complex crosstalk between macrophages and the TME is essential for developing effective immunotherapeutic interventions that exploit the immunomodulatory functions of macrophages to enhance anti-tumor immunity and improve clinical outcomes for cancer patients.
摘要：
巨噬细胞在肿瘤微环境（TME）中起着至关重要的作用，发挥多种功能，从促进肿瘤生长和转移到协调抗肿瘤免疫反应。它们的可塑性使它们能够采用不同的激活状态，通常称为M1样（促炎）和M2样（抗炎或促肿瘤），显着影响肿瘤进展和对治疗的反应。利用巨噬细胞在癌症免疫疗法中的潜力已经成为一种有前途的策略，人们对直接靶向这些细胞或调节它们在TME内的功能越来越感兴趣。这篇综述探讨了巨噬细胞之间复杂的相互作用，TME,和免疫治疗方法。我们讨论了肿瘤相关巨噬细胞（TAMs）的动态表型和功能异质性，它们对疾病进展的影响，以及他们对免疫疗法反应的潜在机制。此外，我们强调了基于巨噬细胞的免疫治疗策略的最新进展，包括巨噬细胞靶向剂，过继细胞转移,和工程方法。了解巨噬细胞和TME之间的复杂串扰对于开发有效的免疫治疗干预措施至关重要，这些干预措施利用巨噬细胞的免疫调节功能来增强抗肿瘤免疫力并改善癌症患者的临床结果。
