Abstract：
This study aimed to establish ecotoxicologically acceptable Cu concentrations for soil-residing species by integrating the biotic ligand model and the species sensitivity distribution. Statistical analyses were performed on 35 soil solution samples collected from four distinct land use sites: residential, agricultural, forested, and industrial regions. The environmental parameters of these samples, including pH, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), Ca2⁺, Mg2⁺, K⁺, and Na⁺ concentrations, exhibited wide variations across the four regions. Specifically, pH and the concentrations of Mg2⁺, K⁺, and Na⁺ showed significant variability. Additionally, a strong correlation was observed between pH and Ca2⁺, as well as between the DOC concentration and Mg2⁺ and Na⁺. Using the biotic ligand model, we derived the half-maximal effective activities of Cu (EC50{Cu2+}) for 10 soil organisms based on the chemical compositions of the soil solution samples. Additionally, a species sensitivity distribution approach was employed to determine the 5% hazardous concentration (HC5) for soil biota, which was closely associated with DOC and Na⁺ concentrations, with Mg2⁺ playing a secondary role. We attributed these relationships to the formation of DOC complexes that mitigate Cu toxicity, along with competitive interactions with cations. Notably, HC5 values did not differ significantly across sampling sites (p = 0.523). Clustering based on environmental factors grouped the samples into four clusters, each containing soils from different land use types. However, the third cluster included an outlier from agricultural soil due to its unusually high pH and DOC levels. These findings suggest that it is crucial to consider site-specific soil characteristics when determining ecotoxicologically acceptable Cu concentrations, and soil solution characteristics do not always align with specific land use patterns.
摘要：
本研究旨在通过整合生物配体模型和物种敏感性分布，为土壤居住物种建立生态毒理学上可接受的Cu浓度。对从四个不同的土地利用地点收集的35个土壤溶液样品进行了统计分析：住宅，农业,森林,和工业区域。这些样品的环境参数，包括pH值,溶解有机碳(DOC)Ca2,Mg2,K,和Na+浓度，在四个地区表现出很大的差异。具体来说,pH和Mg2的浓度，K,Na＋表现出显著的变异性。此外,在pH和Ca2+之间观察到很强的相关性，以及DOC浓度与Mg2+和Na+之间的关系。使用生物配体模型，根据土壤样品的化学成分，我们得出了10种土壤生物的Cu（EC50{Cu2}）的半最大有效活性。此外,采用物种敏感性分布方法来确定土壤生物群的5％危险浓度（HC5），与DOC和Na+浓度密切相关，与Mg2起次要作用。我们将这些关系归因于DOC配合物的形成，减轻Cu毒性，以及与阳离子的竞争性相互作用。值得注意的是,HC5值在采样位点之间没有显著差异(p=0.523)。基于环境因素的聚类将样本分为四个聚类，每个包含来自不同土地利用类型的土壤。然而,由于其异常高的pH和DOC水平，第三组包括农业土壤的异常值。这些发现表明，在确定生态毒理学上可接受的Cu浓度时，考虑特定地点的土壤特性至关重要。土壤溶液特征并不总是与特定的土地利用模式保持一致。
