Abstract：
Identification of specific patterns of brain activity related to problem gambling may provide a deeper understanding of its underlying mechanisms, highlighting the importance of neurophysiological studies to better understand development and persistence of gambling behavior. The patterns of cognitive functioning have been investigated through electroencephalography (EEG) studies based on the near-win/near-miss (NW) effect. The main goal of the present study was to evaluate the neurophysiological basis of NWs and their modulation by gambling problems through a systematic review of event-related potentials (ERP) studies elicited by feedback events. The review followed the recommendations of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis Protocols (PRISMA). A total of 15 studies were included, 12 comprising non-problem gamblers (NPGs) and three comparing problem gamblers (PGs) with matched controls. For the P300 component, the win outcome elicited a larger amplitude than the other outcomes (NW and loss), followed by the NW outcome, which elicited a larger amplitude than loss in some studies. For feedback-related negativity (FRN), the loss outcome evoked a more negative amplitude in several studies, despite eliciting a similar amplitude to NW outcomes in others. For PGs, the NW outcome evoked a higher amplitude of P300 than loss, while NPGs showed a similar amplitude to both outcomes. The present review gathered information from different sources and provides a consistent view of the different studies. However, studies lack systematic and robust methodologies, leading to inconsistent results and making it difficult to reach any definitive conclusions.
摘要：
识别与问题赌博相关的大脑活动的特定模式可能会更深入地了解其潜在机制，强调神经生理学研究的重要性，以更好地了解发展和持续的赌博行为。已通过基于近赢/近错过（NW）效应的脑电图（EEG）研究研究了认知功能的模式。本研究的主要目标是通过对反馈事件引起的事件相关电位（ERP）研究的系统回顾，评估NW的神经生理学基础及其对赌博问题的调节。审查遵循了系统审查和荟萃分析方案（PRISMA）的首选报告项目的建议。共纳入15项研究，图12包括非问题赌徒(NPG)和三个将问题赌徒(PG)与匹配的对照进行比较。对于P300组件，获胜结果比其他结果(西北和失利)引起更大的振幅，紧随其后的是西北结果，在一些研究中，这引起了比损失更大的振幅。对于反馈相关的消极性(FRN)，在几项研究中，损失结果引起了更负的振幅，尽管在其他人中引发了与NW结果相似的幅度。对于PG，NW结果引起的P300振幅高于损失，而NPG显示与两个结果相似的振幅。本综述从不同来源收集了信息，并提供了不同研究的一致观点。然而,研究缺乏系统和健壮的方法，导致结果不一致，难以得出任何明确的结论。
