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Abstract：
Backgrounds The incidence of diabetes mellitus (DM) in people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) is thought to be higher than that in noninfected people. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of DM among people living with HIV in Dammam, Saudi Arabia (SA). Methods This was a cross-sectional study that included adult patients with HIV who were followed at Dammam Medical Complex. The electronic medical records of the patients were reviewed for their demographic data, comorbid conditions, and HIV history (e.g., duration and medications). The patients were categorized based on their glycated hemoglobin (A1C) levels into nondiabetic patients (A1C < 5.7%), prediabetic patients (A1C between 5.7% and 6.4%), and diabetic patients (A1C ≥ 6.5). Results A total of 769 HIV patients were assessed. The A1C of 325 patients could not be retrieved. The remaining 444 patients were included in the analysis. These consisted of 71 female patients (15.99%) and 373 male patients (84.01%). The average age of the patients was 38.62±11.33 years. Their duration for living with HIV was on average 3.76±3.15 years. The cohort consisted of 290 nondiabetic patients (65.32%), 107 prediabetic patients (24.1%), and 47 diabetic patients (10.59%). The nondiabetic patients were generally younger than the prediabetic patients (35.97 vs 40.72 years on average, P value < 0.001). They were infected with HIV for shorter durations (3.45 vs 4.19 years on average, P value < 0.05) with a higher percentage of patients receiving antiretroviral therapy (97.93% vs 84.11%, P value < 0.001). Similarly, the nondiabetic patients were generally younger than the diabetic patients (35.97 vs 50.19 years on average, P value < 0.001). They were also infected with HIV for shorter durations (3.45 vs 4.65 years on average, P value < 0.05) with, also, a higher percentage of patients receiving antiretroviral therapy (97.93% vs 89.36%, P value < 0.01). Conclusions The prevalence of DM among people living with HIV in Dammam, SA, was high with DM remaining highly underdiagnosed in this population. However, the prevalence of DM in this study involving mostly HIV patients treated with newer HAART agents was lower than what was reported in multiple previous studies that included patients using older agents.
摘要：
背景接受高效抗逆转录病毒治疗（HAART）的人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）感染者的糖尿病（DM）发病率高于未感染者。这项研究的目的是调查达曼HIV感染者中DM的患病率，沙特阿拉伯（SA）。方法这是一项横断面研究，包括在达曼医疗综合中心随访的成年HIV患者。对患者的电子病历进行了人口统计数据的审查，合并症条件，和艾滋病毒病史(例如，持续时间和药物)。根据糖化血红蛋白（A1C）水平将患者分为非糖尿病患者（A1C<5.7％），糖尿病前期患者（A1C在5.7％至6.4％之间），和糖尿病患者（A1C≥6.5）。结果共评估了769例HIV患者。325例患者的A1C无法恢复。其余444例患者纳入分析。这些患者包括71名女性患者(15.99%)和373名男性患者(84.01%)。患者的平均年龄为38.62±11.33岁。他们感染艾滋病毒的时间平均为3.76±3.15年。该队列包括290名非糖尿病患者（65.32％），107名糖尿病前期患者（24.1%），糖尿病患者47例(10.59%)。非糖尿病患者通常比糖尿病前期患者年轻（平均35.97岁vs40.72岁，P值<0.001)。他们感染艾滋病毒的持续时间较短(平均3.45年vs4.19年，P值<0.05)接受抗逆转录病毒治疗的患者比例较高(97.93%vs84.11%,P值<0.001)。同样，非糖尿病患者通常比糖尿病患者年轻（平均35.97岁vs50.19岁，P值<0.001)。他们感染艾滋病毒的持续时间也较短(平均3.45年vs4.65年，P值<0.05)，还,接受抗逆转录病毒治疗的患者比例更高(97.93%vs89.36%，P值<0.01)。结论达曼地区HIV感染者中DM的患病率,SA,在该人群中，DM仍然高度未被诊断。然而,在本研究中,接受新型HAART药物治疗的HIV患者中,DM的患病率低于之前的多项研究中报道的,这些研究包括接受新型HAART药物治疗的患者.
