PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Introduction Neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) typically emerge in early childhood and have a profound impact on the development of the nervous system, leading to various neurological challenges in cognition, communication, social interaction, motor skills, and behavior. These disorders arise from disruptions in brain development mechanisms. NDDs include conditions such as cerebral palsy (CP), global developmental delay (GDD), intellectual disability (ID), attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and autism spectrum disorder (ASD), with ADHD and ASD being the most prevalent. However, there is a lack of comprehensive research on the causes of NDDs in children receiving care at tertiary hospitals in Saudi Arabia. Therefore, in this study, we aim to investigate the characteristics of patients with NDDs and explore the association between NDDs and seizures. It also focuses on identifying specific risk factors that may influence the relationship between NDDs and seizures. Methods We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional study at the pediatric neurology and developmental assessment clinic of King Abdulaziz University Hospital in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. The study involved a review of electronic medical records from January 2021 to May 2023 for 200 pediatric patients who attended the clinic for NDD and seizures. Descriptive statistics summarized the data, using frequencies and percentages for categorical variables, and mean ± standard deviation for quantitative variables. The chi-square test identified differences between qualitative variables, with a significance threshold of p < 0.05. Results The study sample comprised 200 children ranging in age from one month to 14 years, with the majority of patients being from Jeddah city. Participants were categorized into four age groups: 17.0% (n=34) were aged between one month and three years, 18.5% (n=37) were aged between three and six years, 55.0% (n=110) were aged between six and 12 years old, and 9.5% (n=19) were aged between 12 and 14 years. The NDD subtypes identified were ASD 9.5%, ADHD 16.0%, CP 8.5%, GDD 30.5%, ID 5.5%, and 30% had multiple types of NDD. Generalized tonic-clonic seizures were the most common type observed. Conclusion Children with NDDs exhibit a high prevalence of seizures, with the age of the patient and consanguinity emerging as significant influencing factors in this correlation. Among the key findings is an emphasis on the importance of early detection and intervention for children with NDDs at higher risk of developing seizures. Overall, the study sheds light on the characteristics of NDD patients and their association with seizures, contributing to a better understanding of the complex relationship between NDDs and seizure occurrence. It also emphasizes the need for comprehensive assessment and management strategies that consider seizures in children with NDDs.
摘要：
神经发育障碍（NDD）通常出现在儿童早期，对神经系统的发育产生深远的影响，导致认知方面的各种神经学挑战，通信,社交互动,运动技能,和行为。这些疾病起因于大脑发育机制的破坏。NDD包括脑瘫(CP)、全球发育迟缓(GDD)，智力残疾（ID），注意缺陷/多动障碍（ADHD），和自闭症谱系障碍（ASD），ADHD和ASD是最普遍的。然而,在沙特阿拉伯的三级医院接受护理的儿童中，缺乏对NDD原因的全面研究。因此,在这项研究中，我们的目的是调查NDDs患者的特征,并探讨NDDs与癫痫发作之间的关系.它还着重于确定可能影响NDD与癫痫发作之间关系的特定风险因素。方法我们在吉达阿卜杜勒阿齐兹国王大学医院的儿科神经病学和发育评估诊所进行了回顾性横断面研究，沙特阿拉伯。该研究包括对2021年1月至2023年5月的200名儿科患者的电子病历进行审查，这些患者因NDD和癫痫发作而就诊。描述性统计数据总结了数据，使用分类变量的频率和百分比，和定量变量的平均值±标准偏差。卡方检验确定了定性变量之间的差异，显著性阈值为p<0.05。结果研究样本包括200名年龄从1个月到14岁的儿童，大部分病人来自吉达市.参与者分为四个年龄组：17.0％（n=34）的年龄在1个月至3岁之间，18.5%(n=37)的年龄在3至6岁之间，55.0％（n=110）年龄在6至12岁之间，9.5%(n=19)的患者年龄在12至14岁之间。鉴定的NDD亚型为ASD9.5%，ADHD16.0%,CP8.5%,GDD30.5%，身份证5.5%，30%有多种类型的NDD。广泛性强直-阵挛性癫痫发作是观察到的最常见类型。结论NDD患儿的癫痫发作患病率较高,患者的年龄和血缘关系是这种相关性的重要影响因素。关键发现之一是强调早期发现和干预NDD儿童癫痫发作风险较高的重要性。总的来说,这项研究揭示了NDD患者的特征及其与癫痫发作的关系，有助于更好地理解NDD与癫痫发作之间的复杂关系。它还强调需要全面评估和管理策略，以考虑NDD儿童的癫痫发作。
