PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
BACKGROUND: The glycemic control of children with type 1 diabetes (T1D) may be influenced by the economic status of their parents.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between parental economic status and blood glucose levels of children with T1D using a mobile health application.
METHODS: Data from children with T1D in China\'s largest T1D online community, Tang-TangQuan®. Blood glucose levels were uploaded every three months and parental economic status was evaluated based on annual household income. Children were divided into three groups: Low-income (< 30000 Yuan), middle-income (30000-100000 Yuan), and high-income (> 100000 yuan) (1 Yuan = 0.145 United States Dollar approximately). Blood glucose levels were compared among the groups and associations were explored using Spearman\'s correlation analysis and multivariable logistic regression.
RESULTS: From September 2015 to August 2022, 1406 eligible children with T1D were included (779 female, 55.4%). Median age was 8.1 years (Q1-Q3: 4.6-11.6) and duration of T1D was 0.06 years (0.02-0.44). Participants were divided into three groups: Low-income (n = 320), middle-income (n = 724), and high-income (n = 362). Baseline hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels were comparable among the three groups (P = 0.072). However, at month 36, the low-income group had the highest HbA1c levels (P = 0.036). Within three years after registration, glucose levels increased significantly in the low-income group but not in the middle-income and high-income groups. Parental economic status was negatively correlated with pre-dinner glucose (r = -0.272, P = 0.012). After adjustment for confounders, parental economic status remained a significant factor related to pre-dinner glucose levels (odds ratio = 13.02, 95%CI: 1.99 to 126.05, P = 0.002).
CONCLUSIONS: The blood glucose levels of children with T1D were negatively associated with parental economic status. It is suggested that parental economic status should be taken into consideration in the management of T1D for children.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between parental economic status and blood glucose levels of children with T1D using a mobile health application.
METHODS: Data from children with T1D in China\'s largest T1D online community, Tang-TangQuan®. Blood glucose levels were uploaded every three months and parental economic status was evaluated based on annual household income. Children were divided into three groups: Low-income (< 30000 Yuan), middle-income (30000-100000 Yuan), and high-income (> 100000 yuan) (1 Yuan = 0.145 United States Dollar approximately). Blood glucose levels were compared among the groups and associations were explored using Spearman\'s correlation analysis and multivariable logistic regression.
RESULTS: From September 2015 to August 2022, 1406 eligible children with T1D were included (779 female, 55.4%). Median age was 8.1 years (Q1-Q3: 4.6-11.6) and duration of T1D was 0.06 years (0.02-0.44). Participants were divided into three groups: Low-income (n = 320), middle-income (n = 724), and high-income (n = 362). Baseline hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels were comparable among the three groups (P = 0.072). However, at month 36, the low-income group had the highest HbA1c levels (P = 0.036). Within three years after registration, glucose levels increased significantly in the low-income group but not in the middle-income and high-income groups. Parental economic status was negatively correlated with pre-dinner glucose (r = -0.272, P = 0.012). After adjustment for confounders, parental economic status remained a significant factor related to pre-dinner glucose levels (odds ratio = 13.02, 95%CI: 1.99 to 126.05, P = 0.002).
CONCLUSIONS: The blood glucose levels of children with T1D were negatively associated with parental economic status. It is suggested that parental economic status should be taken into consideration in the management of T1D for children.
摘要：
背景：1型糖尿病（T1D）儿童的血糖控制可能受到其父母经济状况的影响。
目的：使用移动健康应用程序调查T1D患儿的父母经济状况与血糖水平之间的关系。
方法：来自中国最大的T1D在线社区中T1D儿童的数据，唐唐泉®。每三个月上传一次血糖水平，并根据家庭年收入评估父母的经济状况。将儿童分为三组：低收入（<30000元），中等收入（30000-100000元），和高收入（>100000元）（1元=0.145美元）。比较各组之间的血糖水平，并使用Spearman相关分析和多变量logistic回归分析相关性。
结果：从2015年9月至2022年8月，纳入了1406名符合T1D标准的儿童（779名女性，55.4%）。中位年龄为8.1岁（Q1-Q3：4.6-11.6），T1D持续时间为0.06年（0.02-0.44）。参与者分为三组：低收入人群(n=320)，中等收入（n=724），高收入（n=362）。三组间基线血红蛋白A1c(HbA1c)水平具有可比性(P=0.072)。然而,在第36个月时,低收入组的HbA1c水平最高(P=0.036).注册后三年内，低收入组的血糖水平显着增加，但中等收入和高收入组的血糖水平没有增加。父母的经济状况与餐前血糖呈负相关(r=-0.272,P=0.012)。在对混杂因素进行调整后，父母的经济状况仍然是与餐前血糖水平相关的重要因素(比值比=13.02,95CI:1.99~126.05,P=0.002).
结论：T1D患儿的血糖水平与父母的经济状况呈负相关。建议在儿童T1D的管理中应考虑父母的经济状况。
目的：使用移动健康应用程序调查T1D患儿的父母经济状况与血糖水平之间的关系。
方法：来自中国最大的T1D在线社区中T1D儿童的数据，唐唐泉®。每三个月上传一次血糖水平，并根据家庭年收入评估父母的经济状况。将儿童分为三组：低收入（<30000元），中等收入（30000-100000元），和高收入（>100000元）（1元=0.145美元）。比较各组之间的血糖水平，并使用Spearman相关分析和多变量logistic回归分析相关性。
结果：从2015年9月至2022年8月，纳入了1406名符合T1D标准的儿童（779名女性，55.4%）。中位年龄为8.1岁（Q1-Q3：4.6-11.6），T1D持续时间为0.06年（0.02-0.44）。参与者分为三组：低收入人群(n=320)，中等收入（n=724），高收入（n=362）。三组间基线血红蛋白A1c(HbA1c)水平具有可比性(P=0.072)。然而,在第36个月时,低收入组的HbA1c水平最高(P=0.036).注册后三年内，低收入组的血糖水平显着增加，但中等收入和高收入组的血糖水平没有增加。父母的经济状况与餐前血糖呈负相关(r=-0.272,P=0.012)。在对混杂因素进行调整后，父母的经济状况仍然是与餐前血糖水平相关的重要因素(比值比=13.02,95CI:1.99~126.05,P=0.002).
结论：T1D患儿的血糖水平与父母的经济状况呈负相关。建议在儿童T1D的管理中应考虑父母的经济状况。
