Abstract：
B cells are crucial to the humoral immune response, originating in the bone marrow and maturing in the spleen and lymph nodes. They primarily function to protect against a wide range of infections through the secretion of antibodies. The role of B cells in primary membranous nephropathy (PMN) has gained significant attention, especially following the discovery of various autoantibodies that target podocyte antigens and the observed positive outcomes from B cell depletion therapy. Increasing evidence points to the presence of abnormal B cell subsets and functions in MN. B cells have varied roles during the different stages of disease onset, progression, and relapse. Initially, B cells facilitate self-antigen presentation, activate effector T cells, and initiate cellular immunity. Subsequently, the disruption of both central and peripheral immune tolerance results in the emergence of autoreactive B cells, with strong germinal center responses as a major source of MN autoantibodies. Additionally, critical B cell subsets, including Bregs, memory B cells, and plasma cells, play roles in the immune dysregulation observed in MN, assisting in predicting disease recurrence and guiding management strategies for MN. This review offers a detailed overview of research advancements on B cells and elucidates their pathological roles in MN.
摘要：
B细胞对体液免疫反应至关重要，起源于骨髓，在脾脏和淋巴结中成熟。它们的主要功能是通过分泌抗体来防止广泛的感染。B细胞在原发性膜性肾病(PMN)中的作用已获得显著的存眷,特别是在发现各种靶向足细胞抗原的自身抗体和观察到的B细胞清除疗法的阳性结果之后。越来越多的证据表明MN中存在异常的B细胞亚群和功能。B细胞在疾病发作的不同阶段具有不同的作用，programming,和复发。最初，B细胞促进自身抗原呈递，激活效应T细胞，启动细胞免疫。随后，中枢和外周免疫耐受的破坏导致自身反应性B细胞的出现，具有强烈的生发中心反应是MN自身抗体的主要来源。此外,关键B细胞亚群，包括Bregs,记忆B细胞，和浆细胞，在MN中观察到的免疫失调中发挥作用，协助预测疾病复发和指导MN的管理策略。本文综述了B细胞的研究进展，并阐明了其在MN中的病理作用。
