Abstract：
Exosome-nanoparticle hybrid nanoplatforms, can be prepared by combining exosomes with different types of nanoparticles. The main purpose of combining exosomes with nanoparticles is to overcome the limitations of using each of them as drug delivery systems. Using nanoparticles for drug delivery has some limitations, such as high immunogenicity, poor cellular uptake, low biocompatibility, cytotoxicity, low stability, and rapid clearance by immune cells. However, using exosomes as drug delivery systems also has its own drawbacks, such as poor encapsulation efficiency, low production yield, and the inability to load large molecules. These limitations can be addressed by utilizing hybrid nanoplatforms. Additionally, the use of exosomes allows for targeted delivery within the hybrid system. Exosome-inorganic/organic hybrid nanoparticles may be used for both therapy and diagnosis in the future. This may lead to the development of personalized medicine using hybrid nanoparticles. However, there are a few challenges associated with this. Surface modifications, adding functional groups, surface charge adjustments, and preparing nanoparticles with the desired size are crucial to the possibility of preparing exosome-nanoparticle hybrids. Additional challenges for the successful implementation of hybrid platforms in medical treatments and diagnostics include scaling up the manufacturing process and ensuring consistent quality and reproducibility across various batches. This review focuses on various types of exosome-nanoparticle hybrid systems and also discusses the preparation and loading methods for these hybrid nanoplatforms. Furthermore, the potential applications of these hybrid nanocarriers in drug/gene delivery, disease treatment and diagnosis, and cell/tissue imaging are explained.
摘要：
外泌体-纳米颗粒混合纳米平台，可以通过将外来体与不同类型的纳米颗粒组合来制备。将外来体与纳米颗粒组合的主要目的是克服使用它们中的每一个作为药物递送系统的限制。使用纳米颗粒进行药物递送有一些局限性，如高免疫原性，细胞摄取差，生物相容性低，细胞毒性，稳定性低,免疫细胞快速清除。然而,使用外泌体作为药物递送系统也有其自身的缺点，如封装效率差，产量低，以及无法装载大分子。这些限制可以通过利用混合纳米平台来解决。此外,外泌体的使用允许在混合系统内靶向递送.外泌体-无机/有机杂化纳米粒子可用于未来的治疗和诊断。这可能导致使用混合纳米颗粒的个性化医疗的发展。然而,有一些挑战与此相关。表面修改,添加官能团，表面电荷调整，和制备具有所需尺寸的纳米颗粒对于制备外泌体-纳米颗粒杂化物的可能性至关重要。在医疗和诊断中成功实施混合平台的其他挑战包括扩大制造过程并确保不同批次的一致质量和可重复性。这篇综述侧重于各种类型的外泌体-纳米颗粒混合系统，并讨论了这些混合纳米平台的制备和加载方法。此外，这些混合纳米载体在药物/基因递送中的潜在应用，疾病治疗和诊断，和细胞/组织成像解释。
