Abstract：
Despite evidence that aerobic exercise benefits the aging brain, in particular the hippocampus and memory, controlled clinical trials have not comprehensively evaluated effects of aerobic exercise training on human memory in older adults. The central goal of this study was to determine chronic effects of moderate-to-vigorous intensity aerobic exercise on the hippocampus and memory in non-demented, inactive adults ages 55-80 years. We determine effects of aerobic exercise training with a 6-month randomized controlled trial (RCT) comparing 150 min/week of home-based, light intensity exercise with progressive moderate-to-vigorous intensity aerobic exercise. For the first time in a large trial, we examined temporal mechanisms by determining if individual differences in the rapid, immediate effects of moderate intensity exercise on hippocampal-cortical connectivity predict chronic training-related changes over months in connectivity and memory. We examined physiological mechanisms by testing the extent to which chronic training-related changes in cardiorespiratory fitness are a critical factor to memory benefits. The Exercise Effects on Brain Connectivity and Learning from Minutes to Months (Brain-EXTEND) trial is conceptually innovative with advanced measures of hippocampal-dependent learning and memory processes combined with novel capture of the physiological changes, genetic components, and molecular changes induced by aerobic exercise that change hippocampal-cortical connectivity. Given that hippocampal connectivity deteriorates with Alzheimer\'s and aerobic exercise may contribute to reduced risk of Alzheimer\'s, our results could lead to an understanding of the physiological mechanisms and moderators by which aerobic exercise reduces risk of this devastating and costly disease.
摘要：
尽管有证据表明有氧运动有益于衰老的大脑，特别是海马体和记忆，对照临床试验尚未全面评估有氧运动训练对老年人记忆的影响。这项研究的中心目标是确定中度至剧烈强度的有氧运动对非痴呆患者海马和记忆的慢性影响，不活跃的成年人年龄55-80岁。我们通过一项为期6个月的随机对照试验（RCT）来确定有氧运动训练的效果，比较150分钟/周的家庭，轻度运动与渐进式中等至剧烈强度有氧运动。第一次在大型审判中，我们通过确定个体在快速，中等强度运动对海马-皮层连通性的即时影响预测了数月内与训练相关的连通性和记忆的慢性改变.我们通过测试与慢性训练相关的心肺适应性变化是记忆益处的关键因素的程度来检查生理机制。运动对大脑连通性和从几分钟到几个月的学习的影响（Brain-EXTEND）试验在概念上具有创新性，可以对海马依赖性学习和记忆过程进行先进的测量，并对生理变化进行新颖的捕获。遗传成分，以及有氧运动引起的改变海马-皮层连通性的分子变化。鉴于阿尔茨海默氏症导致海马连通性恶化，有氧运动可能有助于降低阿尔茨海默氏症的风险，我们的研究结果可能导致对有氧运动降低这种破坏性和昂贵疾病风险的生理机制和调节因素的理解.
