Abstract：
The number of patients with Alzheimer\'s Disease (AD) has increased rapidly in recent decades. AD is a complex progressive neurodegenerative disease affecting c.14 million patients in Europe and the United States. The hallmarks of this disease are neurotic plaques composed of the amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide and neurofibrillary tangles formed of hyperphosphorylated tau protein (pTau). To date, four CSF biomarkers: amyloid beta 42 (Aβ42), Aβ42/40 ratio, Tau protein, and Tau phosphorylated at threonine 181 (pTau181) have been validated as core neurochemical AD biomarkers. Imaging biomarkers are valuable for AD diagnosis, although they suffer from limitations in their cost and accessibility, while CSF biomarkers require lumbar puncture. Thus, there is an urgent need for alternative, less invasive and more cost-effective biomarkers capable of diagnosing and monitoring AD progression in a clinical context, as well as expediting the development of new therapeutic strategies. This review assesses the potential clinical significance of plasma candidate biomarkers in AD diagnosis. We conclude that these proteins might hold great promise in identifying the pathological features of AD. However, the future implementation process, and validation of the assays\' accuracy using predefined cut-offs across more diverse patient populations, are crucial in establishing their utility in daily practice.
摘要：
近几十年来，阿尔茨海默病（AD）患者的数量迅速增加。AD是一种复杂的进行性神经退行性疾病，在欧洲和美国影响着大约14万患者。这种疾病的标志是由淀粉样蛋白-β（Aβ）肽组成的神经性斑块和由过度磷酸化的tau蛋白（pTau）形成的神经原纤维缠结。迄今为止,四种CSF生物标志物：淀粉样β42（Aβ42），Aβ42/40比值,Tau蛋白,在苏氨酸181处磷酸化的Tau（pTau181）已被验证为核心神经化学AD生物标志物。影像学生物标志物对AD诊断有价值，尽管它们的成本和可访问性受到限制，而CSF生物标志物需要腰椎穿刺。因此，迫切需要替代方案，侵入性较低且更具成本效益的生物标志物，能够在临床背景下诊断和监测AD进展，以及加快开发新的治疗策略。这篇综述评估了血浆候选生物标志物在AD诊断中的潜在临床意义。我们得出的结论是，这些蛋白质可能在鉴定AD的病理特征方面具有很大的前景。然而,未来的实施过程，并在更多不同的患者人群中使用预定义的截止值对测定的准确性进行验证，对于在日常实践中建立它们的效用至关重要。
