Abstract：
Collagen and gelatin are essential natural biopolymers commonly utilized in biomaterials and tissue engineering because of their excellent physicochemical and biocompatibility properties. They can be used either in combination with other biomacromolecules or particles or even exclusively for the enhancement of bone regeneration or for the development of biomimetic scaffolds. Collagen or gelatin derivatives can be transformed into nanofibrous materials with porous micro- or nanostructures and superior mechanical properties and biocompatibility using electrospinning technology. Specific attention was recently paid to electrospun mats of such biopolymers, due to their high ratio of surface area to volume, as well as their biocompatibility, biodegradability, and low immunogenicity. The fiber mats with submicro- and nanometer scale can replicate the extracellular matrix structure of human tissues and organs, making them highly suitable for use in tissue engineering due to their exceptional bioaffinity. The drawbacks may include rapid degradation and complete dissolution in aqueous media. The use of gelatin/collagen electrospun nanofibers in this form is thus greatly restricted for biomedicine. Therefore, the cross-linking of these fibers is necessary for controlling their aqueous solubility. This led to enhanced biological characteristics of the fibers, rendering them excellent options for various biomedical uses. The objective of this review is to highlight the key research related to the electrospinning of collagen and gelatin, as well as their applications in the biomedical field. The review features a detailed examination of the electrospinning fiber mats, showcasing their varying structures and performances resulting from diverse solvents, electrospinning processes, and cross-linking methods. Judiciously selected examples from literature will be presented to demonstrate major advantages of such biofibers. The current developments and difficulties in this area of research are also being addressed.
摘要：
胶原蛋白和明胶是生物材料和组织工程中常用的必需的天然生物聚合物,因为它们具有优异的物理化学和生物相容性。它们可以与其他生物大分子或颗粒组合使用，甚至专门用于增强骨再生或开发仿生支架。胶原蛋白或明胶衍生物可以使用静电纺丝技术转化为具有多孔微米或纳米结构以及优异的机械性能和生物相容性的纳米纤维材料。最近特别关注这种生物聚合物的静电纺丝垫，由于它们的表面积与体积之比很高，以及它们的生物相容性，生物降解性，低免疫原性。亚微米和纳米尺度的纤维垫可以复制人体组织和器官的细胞外基质结构，使它们非常适合用于组织工程由于其特殊的生物亲和力。缺点可能包括快速降解和在水性介质中完全溶解。因此,这种形式的明胶/胶原电纺纳米纤维的使用在生物医学中受到很大限制。因此,这些纤维的交联是控制其水溶性所必需的。这导致纤维的生物学特性增强，使它们成为各种生物医学用途的绝佳选择。这篇综述的目的是强调与胶原蛋白和明胶静电纺丝相关的关键研究，以及它们在生物医学领域的应用。该评论的特点是详细检查了静电纺丝纤维垫，展示了它们由不同溶剂产生的不同结构和性能，静电纺丝工艺，和交联方法。将提供从文献中合理选择的实例以证明此类生物纤维的主要优点。这一研究领域的当前发展和困难也正在得到解决。
