Abstract：
BACKGROUND: Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) is a severe complication associated with prolonged bisphosphonate therapy. Increasing evidence shows that mucosal damage plays an important role in the pathogenesis of MRONJ. This study investigates the combinatorial effects of hydroxyapatite with Tualang honey on cell viability and wound healing in MRONJ.
METHODS: The incorporation of Tualang honey into hydroxyapatite was assessed using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and field emission scanning electron-energy dispersive X-ray analysis microscopy (FESEM-EDX). The effect of hydroxyapatite combined with Tualang honey on cell viability was determined by WST-1 assay and wound healing was assessed by scratch assay.
RESULTS: The incorporation of Tualang honey into hydroxyapatite altered the functional groups, structure, size, morphology, and components of the crystal as evidenced by FTIR, XRD and FESEM-EDX analysis. High concentrations of pamidronic acid inhibit oral fibroblast viability and wound healing. Low and high concentrations of hydroxyapatite demonstrate non-toxicity towards fibroblast cells. Furthermore, hydroxyapatite reversed the action of pamidronic acid on the cells; it increased fibroblast viability but did not close the wound. Tualang honey promotes fibroblast viability and wound closure. However, the addition of Tualang honey is unable to overcome the inhibitory effects of pamidronic acid on fibroblasts. The addition of Tualang honey and hydroxyapatite improved the cell viability and accelerated wound closure of fibroblast exposed to pamidronic acid.
CONCLUSIONS: These findings demonstrated that the combination treatment protects oral fibroblasts by preventing bisphosphonate toxicity.
METHODS: The incorporation of Tualang honey into hydroxyapatite was assessed using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and field emission scanning electron-energy dispersive X-ray analysis microscopy (FESEM-EDX). The effect of hydroxyapatite combined with Tualang honey on cell viability was determined by WST-1 assay and wound healing was assessed by scratch assay.
RESULTS: The incorporation of Tualang honey into hydroxyapatite altered the functional groups, structure, size, morphology, and components of the crystal as evidenced by FTIR, XRD and FESEM-EDX analysis. High concentrations of pamidronic acid inhibit oral fibroblast viability and wound healing. Low and high concentrations of hydroxyapatite demonstrate non-toxicity towards fibroblast cells. Furthermore, hydroxyapatite reversed the action of pamidronic acid on the cells; it increased fibroblast viability but did not close the wound. Tualang honey promotes fibroblast viability and wound closure. However, the addition of Tualang honey is unable to overcome the inhibitory effects of pamidronic acid on fibroblasts. The addition of Tualang honey and hydroxyapatite improved the cell viability and accelerated wound closure of fibroblast exposed to pamidronic acid.
CONCLUSIONS: These findings demonstrated that the combination treatment protects oral fibroblasts by preventing bisphosphonate toxicity.
摘要：
背景：药物相关性颌骨坏死（MRONJ）是与长期双膦酸盐治疗相关的严重并发症。越来越多的证据表明，粘膜损伤在MRONJ的发病机制中起着重要作用。这项研究调查了羟基磷灰石与Tualang蜂蜜对MRONJ细胞活力和伤口愈合的组合作用。
方法：使用傅立叶变换红外（FTIR）光谱评估了Tualang蜂蜜在羟基磷灰石中的掺入，X射线衍射(XRD)和场发射扫描电子能量色散X射线分析显微镜(FESEM-EDX)。通过WST-1测定法确定羟基磷灰石与图兰蜂蜜的组合对细胞活力的影响，并通过划痕测定法评估伤口愈合。
结果：将Tualang蜂蜜掺入羟基磷灰石中改变了官能团，结构,尺寸,形态学,和FTIR证明的晶体成分，XRD和FESEM-EDX分析。高浓度的帕米膦酸抑制口腔成纤维细胞活力和伤口愈合。低和高浓度的羟基磷灰石证明对成纤维细胞无毒性。此外，羟基磷灰石逆转了帕米膦酸对细胞的作用；它增加了成纤维细胞的活力，但没有闭合伤口。Tualang蜂蜜促进成纤维细胞活力和伤口闭合。然而,添加Tualang蜂蜜无法克服帕米膦酸对成纤维细胞的抑制作用。Tualang蜂蜜和羟基磷灰石的添加提高了细胞活力，并加速了暴露于帕米膦酸的成纤维细胞的伤口闭合。
结论:这些发现证明联合治疗通过防止双膦酸盐毒性来保护口腔成纤维细胞。
方法：使用傅立叶变换红外（FTIR）光谱评估了Tualang蜂蜜在羟基磷灰石中的掺入，X射线衍射(XRD)和场发射扫描电子能量色散X射线分析显微镜(FESEM-EDX)。通过WST-1测定法确定羟基磷灰石与图兰蜂蜜的组合对细胞活力的影响，并通过划痕测定法评估伤口愈合。
结果：将Tualang蜂蜜掺入羟基磷灰石中改变了官能团，结构,尺寸,形态学,和FTIR证明的晶体成分，XRD和FESEM-EDX分析。高浓度的帕米膦酸抑制口腔成纤维细胞活力和伤口愈合。低和高浓度的羟基磷灰石证明对成纤维细胞无毒性。此外，羟基磷灰石逆转了帕米膦酸对细胞的作用；它增加了成纤维细胞的活力，但没有闭合伤口。Tualang蜂蜜促进成纤维细胞活力和伤口闭合。然而,添加Tualang蜂蜜无法克服帕米膦酸对成纤维细胞的抑制作用。Tualang蜂蜜和羟基磷灰石的添加提高了细胞活力，并加速了暴露于帕米膦酸的成纤维细胞的伤口闭合。
结论:这些发现证明联合治疗通过防止双膦酸盐毒性来保护口腔成纤维细胞。
