Abstract：
BACKGROUND: In Down syndrome (DS), white matter hyperintensities (WMHs) are highly prevalent, yet their topography and association with sociodemographic data and Alzheimer\'s disease (AD) biomarkers remain largely unexplored.
METHODS: In 261 DS adults and 131 euploid controls, fluid-attenuated inversion recovery magnetic resonance imaging scans were segmented and WMHs were extracted in concentric white matter layers and lobar regions. We tested associations with AD clinical stages, sociodemographic data, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) AD biomarkers, and gray matter (GM) volume.
RESULTS: In DS, total WMHs arose at age 43 and showed stronger associations with age than in controls. WMH volume increased along the AD continuum, particularly in periventricular regions, and frontal, parietal, and occipital lobes. Associations were found with CSF biomarkers and temporo-parietal GM volumes.
CONCLUSIONS: WMHs increase 10 years before AD symptom onset in DS and are closely linked with AD biomarkers and neurodegeneration. This suggests a direct connection to AD pathophysiology, independent of vascular risks.
CONCLUSIONS: White matter hyperintensities (WMHs) increased 10 years before Alzheimer\'s disease symptom onset in Down syndrome (DS). WMHs were strongly associated in DS with the neurofilament light chain biomarker. WMHs were more associated in DS with gray matter volume in parieto-temporal areas.
METHODS: In 261 DS adults and 131 euploid controls, fluid-attenuated inversion recovery magnetic resonance imaging scans were segmented and WMHs were extracted in concentric white matter layers and lobar regions. We tested associations with AD clinical stages, sociodemographic data, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) AD biomarkers, and gray matter (GM) volume.
RESULTS: In DS, total WMHs arose at age 43 and showed stronger associations with age than in controls. WMH volume increased along the AD continuum, particularly in periventricular regions, and frontal, parietal, and occipital lobes. Associations were found with CSF biomarkers and temporo-parietal GM volumes.
CONCLUSIONS: WMHs increase 10 years before AD symptom onset in DS and are closely linked with AD biomarkers and neurodegeneration. This suggests a direct connection to AD pathophysiology, independent of vascular risks.
CONCLUSIONS: White matter hyperintensities (WMHs) increased 10 years before Alzheimer\'s disease symptom onset in Down syndrome (DS). WMHs were strongly associated in DS with the neurofilament light chain biomarker. WMHs were more associated in DS with gray matter volume in parieto-temporal areas.
摘要：
背景：在唐氏综合症（DS）中，白质高强度(WMHs)非常普遍，然而，它们的地形以及与社会人口统计学数据和阿尔茨海默病（AD）生物标志物的联系在很大程度上仍未被探索。
方法：在261个DS成人和131个整倍体对照中，对流体衰减反转恢复磁共振成像扫描进行分段,并在同心白质层和大叶区域提取WMHs.我们测试了与AD临床分期的关联，社会人口统计数据，脑脊液（CSF）AD生物标志物，和灰质（GM）体积。
结果：在DS中，总WMHs在43岁时出现，与对照组相比，与年龄的相关性更强。WMH体积沿AD连续体增加，特别是在脑室周围区域，额叶，顶叶,和枕叶。发现与CSF生物标志物和颞顶叶GM体积相关。
结论：在DS中，WMHs在AD症状发作前10年增加，并且与AD生物标志物和神经变性密切相关。这表明与AD病理生理学有直接联系，独立于血管风险。
结论：白质高信号（WMHs）在唐氏综合征（DS）的阿尔茨海默病症状发作前10年增加。WMHs在DS中与神经丝轻链生物标志物密切相关。WMHs在DS中与上颞区的灰质体积更相关。
方法：在261个DS成人和131个整倍体对照中，对流体衰减反转恢复磁共振成像扫描进行分段,并在同心白质层和大叶区域提取WMHs.我们测试了与AD临床分期的关联，社会人口统计数据，脑脊液（CSF）AD生物标志物，和灰质（GM）体积。
结果：在DS中，总WMHs在43岁时出现，与对照组相比，与年龄的相关性更强。WMH体积沿AD连续体增加，特别是在脑室周围区域，额叶，顶叶,和枕叶。发现与CSF生物标志物和颞顶叶GM体积相关。
结论：在DS中，WMHs在AD症状发作前10年增加，并且与AD生物标志物和神经变性密切相关。这表明与AD病理生理学有直接联系，独立于血管风险。
结论：白质高信号（WMHs）在唐氏综合征（DS）的阿尔茨海默病症状发作前10年增加。WMHs在DS中与神经丝轻链生物标志物密切相关。WMHs在DS中与上颞区的灰质体积更相关。
