Abstract：
Black stain (BS) and caries are common oral issues in children worldwide. This study aimed to reveal the prevalence of BS and caries in primary dentition of children in Qingdao, China and evaluate the potential association between them. A total of 672 preschool children aged 3-5 years old from 12 kindergartens in Qingdao, northern China were enrolled in the study. The prevalences of BS and caries were counted, and their distributions across different ages and genders were analyzed. The potential protective role of BS (independent variable) on caries (dependent variable) was analyzed via binary logistic regression analysis. BS was observed in 103 children (15.33%), including 3 severe- (0.45%), 28 moderate- (4.17%), and 72 mild (10.71%) forms. Caries was observed in 374 children (55.65%) and it was positively associated with age. Notably, the prevalence of caries was lower in children with BS than in those without BS (42.72% vs. 58.00%, respectively). Children with BS were less likely to suffer from caries than those without BS. BS in mild or moderate/severe forms was associated with a low risk of caries. In summary, the prevalence of BS in primary dentition in Qingdao, China is at a relatively high level worldwide. BS is a protective factor for caries in primary dentition.
摘要：
黑斑（BS）和龋齿是全球儿童常见的口腔问题。本研究旨在揭示青岛地区儿童原发性牙列中BS和龋齿的患病率。中国并评估它们之间的潜在关联。青岛12所幼儿园共672名3-5岁学龄前儿童，中国北方参加了这项研究。统计了BS和龋齿的患病率，并分析了它们在不同年龄和性别之间的分布。通过二元逻辑回归分析BS（自变量）对龋齿（因变量）的潜在保护作用。在103名儿童中观察到BS（15.33％），包括3例严重(0.45%)，28中度-（4.17%），和72种轻度（10.71％）形式。在374名儿童中观察到龋齿（55.65％），并且与年龄呈正相关。值得注意的是,患BS的儿童龋齿患病率低于无BS的儿童(42.72%vs.58.00%，分别)。与没有BS的儿童相比，患有BS的儿童患龋齿的可能性较小。轻度或中度/重度形式的BS与龋齿的低风险相关。总之,青岛市原发性牙列中BS的患病率,中国在世界范围内处于相对较高的水平。BS是原发性牙列龋齿的保护因素。
