PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
UNASSIGNED: Chronic hepatitis B virus (CHB) infection remains a major public health problem. The American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (AASLD) 2018 Hepatitis B Guidelines provide that CHB individuals not requiring antiviral therapy yet are monitored to determine the need for antiviral therapy in the future; however, these tests do not include measurement of cytokines and immune cell characterization. This case-control study compared the cytokine and immune checkpoint protein expression profiles between CHB individuals not yet on antiviral treatment and hepatitis B virus (HBV)-negative individuals.
UNASSIGNED: CD4 and CD8 T cells from CHB and HBV-negative individuals were characterized for immune checkpoint proteins programmed cell death-1 (PD1), T cell Immunoglobulin domain and mucin domain-containing protein 3 (TIM-3), and cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) (CD152), and a memory marker CXCR3 (CD183) using flow cytometry. Malaria-induced cytokine expression levels were determined by stimulating their blood cells with Plasmodium falciparum 3D7 strain antigens (CSP, AMA-1, and TRAP) in whole blood assays, and cytokine levels were measured using a 13-plex Luminex kit.
UNASSIGNED: HBV-negative and CHB individuals had comparable levels of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. However, a proportion of the CD4+ and CD8+ populations from both groups, which were CXCR3+, expressed PD-1 and CD152. The ability to produce cytokines in response to malaria antigen stimulation was not significantly different between the groups.
UNASSIGNED: These findings support excluding CHB individuals from antiviral therapy at this stage of infection. However, CHB individuals require regular monitoring to determine the need for later antiviral treatment.
UNASSIGNED: CD4 and CD8 T cells from CHB and HBV-negative individuals were characterized for immune checkpoint proteins programmed cell death-1 (PD1), T cell Immunoglobulin domain and mucin domain-containing protein 3 (TIM-3), and cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) (CD152), and a memory marker CXCR3 (CD183) using flow cytometry. Malaria-induced cytokine expression levels were determined by stimulating their blood cells with Plasmodium falciparum 3D7 strain antigens (CSP, AMA-1, and TRAP) in whole blood assays, and cytokine levels were measured using a 13-plex Luminex kit.
UNASSIGNED: HBV-negative and CHB individuals had comparable levels of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. However, a proportion of the CD4+ and CD8+ populations from both groups, which were CXCR3+, expressed PD-1 and CD152. The ability to produce cytokines in response to malaria antigen stimulation was not significantly different between the groups.
UNASSIGNED: These findings support excluding CHB individuals from antiviral therapy at this stage of infection. However, CHB individuals require regular monitoring to determine the need for later antiviral treatment.
摘要：
■慢性乙型肝炎病毒（CHB）感染仍然是主要的公共卫生问题。美国肝病研究协会（AASLD）2018乙型肝炎指南规定，不需要抗病毒治疗的CHB个体进行监测，以确定未来是否需要抗病毒治疗;然而，这些测试不包括细胞因子和免疫细胞特征的测量。这项病例对照研究比较了尚未接受抗病毒治疗的CHB个体和乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）阴性个体之间的细胞因子和免疫检查点蛋白表达谱。
■来自CHB和HBV阴性个体的CD4和CD8T细胞被表征为免疫检查点蛋白程序性细胞死亡-1（PD1），T细胞免疫球蛋白结构域和含粘蛋白结构域的蛋白3（TIM-3），和细胞毒性T淋巴细胞相关抗原4（CTLA-4）（CD152），和使用流式细胞术的记忆标记物CXCR3(CD183)。通过用恶性疟原虫3D7菌株抗原刺激其血细胞来确定疟疾诱导的细胞因子表达水平（CSP，AMA-1和TRAP）在全血测定中，使用13-plexLuminex试剂盒测量细胞因子水平。
■HBV阴性和CHB个体具有相当的CD4+和CD8+T细胞水平。然而,两组CD4+和CD8+人群的比例，是CXCR3+，表达PD-1和CD152。响应疟疾抗原刺激产生细胞因子的能力在各组之间没有显着差异。
■这些发现支持将CHB个体排除在感染的这一阶段进行抗病毒治疗。然而,CHB个体需要定期监测，以确定以后抗病毒治疗的需要。
■来自CHB和HBV阴性个体的CD4和CD8T细胞被表征为免疫检查点蛋白程序性细胞死亡-1（PD1），T细胞免疫球蛋白结构域和含粘蛋白结构域的蛋白3（TIM-3），和细胞毒性T淋巴细胞相关抗原4（CTLA-4）（CD152），和使用流式细胞术的记忆标记物CXCR3(CD183)。通过用恶性疟原虫3D7菌株抗原刺激其血细胞来确定疟疾诱导的细胞因子表达水平（CSP，AMA-1和TRAP）在全血测定中，使用13-plexLuminex试剂盒测量细胞因子水平。
■HBV阴性和CHB个体具有相当的CD4+和CD8+T细胞水平。然而,两组CD4+和CD8+人群的比例，是CXCR3+，表达PD-1和CD152。响应疟疾抗原刺激产生细胞因子的能力在各组之间没有显着差异。
■这些发现支持将CHB个体排除在感染的这一阶段进行抗病毒治疗。然而,CHB个体需要定期监测，以确定以后抗病毒治疗的需要。
