Abstract：
Nonimmune hydrops fetalis (NIHF) poses a significant challenge in perinatal care due to its high mortality rates and diverse etiologies. This comprehensive review examines the pathophysiology, etiology, antenatal diagnosis and management, postnatal care, and outcomes of NIHF. NIHF arises from numerous underlying pathologies, including genetic disorders, cardiovascular causes, and fetal infections, with advances in diagnostic techniques improving identification rates. Management strategies include termination of pregnancy for severe cases and fetal therapy for selected treatable etiologies, and neonatal care involves assessing and treating fluid collections and identifying underlying causes. Prognosis depends on factors such as gestational age at diagnosis and the extent of resuscitation needed, with challenges remaining in improving outcomes for affected infants.
摘要：
非免疫性胎儿水肿（NIHF）由于其高死亡率和多种病因，在围产期护理中提出了重大挑战。这篇全面的综述探讨了病理生理学，病因学,产前诊断和管理，产后护理，和NIHF的结果。NIHF源于许多潜在的病理，包括遗传性疾病,心血管原因，和胎儿感染，随着诊断技术的进步，提高了识别率。管理策略包括严重病例的终止妊娠和选定的可治疗病因的胎儿治疗。新生儿护理涉及评估和治疗液体收集并确定根本原因。预后取决于诊断时的胎龄和需要复苏的程度等因素。在改善受影响婴儿的结局方面仍然存在挑战。
