Abstract：
Avena fatua L. is one of the most damaging and malignant weeds in wheat fields in China. Fenoxaprop-P-ethyl, mesosulfuron-methyl, and isoproturon, which belong to Acetyl-CoA carboxylase- (ACCase), acetolactate synthase- (ALS), and photosystem II- (PS II) inhibitors, respectively, are commonly used in wheat fields and have a long history of use on A. fatua. An A. fatua population (R) resistant to fenoxaprop-P-ethyl, mesosulfuron-methyl, and isoproturon was collected from a wheat field in 2020. This study explored the mechanisms of target site resistance (TSR) and non-target site resistance (NTSR) in the multi-resistant A. fatua. Whole-plant bioassays showed that the R population had evolved high resistance to fenoxaprop-P-ethyl and moderate resistance to mesosulfuron-methyl and isoproturon. However, no mutations were detected in the ACCase, ALS, or psbA genes in the R population. In addition, the ACCase and ALS gene expression levels in the R group were significantly higher than those in the susceptible population (S) after treatment with fenoxaprop-P-ethyl or mesosulfuron-methyl. In vitro ACCase and ALS activity assays showed that ACCase and ALS from the R population were insensitive to fenoxaprop and mesosulfuron-methyl, respectively, with resistance indices 6.12-fold and 17.46-fold higher than those of the S population. Furthermore, pretreatment with P450 inhibitors significantly (P < 0.05) reversed the multi-resistant A. fatua\'s resistance to fenoxaprop-P-ethyl, mesosulfuron-methyl, and isoproturon. Sethoxydim, flucarbazone‑sodium, chlortoluron, and cypyrafluone were effective in controlling multi-resistance A. fatua. Therefore, the overexpression of ACCase and ALS to synthesize sufficient herbicide-targeting proteins, along with P450-mediated metabolism, conferred resistance to fenoxaprop-P-ethyl, mesosulfuron-methyl, and isoproturon in the R population.
摘要：
AvenafatuaL.是中国麦田中最具危害性和恶性的杂草之一。非诺沙丙-对-乙基，甲基甲磺隆，和异丙隆，属于乙酰辅酶A羧化酶-（ACCase），乙酰乳酸合成酶-(ALS),和光系统II-（PSII）抑制剂，分别,通常用于麦田，并且在A.fatua上有很长的使用历史。A.fatua种群（R）对苯氧丙-对乙基，甲基甲磺隆，2020年，从麦田中收集了异丙隆。本研究探索了多抗性A.fatua的靶位点抗性（TSR）和非靶位点抗性（NTSR）的机制。全植物生物测定表明，R种群对苯氧丙-P-乙基产生了高抗性，对甲基甲磺隆和异丙隆产生了中等抗性。然而,在ACCase中未检测到突变，ALS,或R群体中的psbA基因。此外,在用菲诺丙-P-乙基或甲基甲磺隆治疗后，R组的ACCase和ALS基因表达水平显着高于易感人群（S）。体外ACCase和ALS活性测定表明，来自R群体的ACCase和ALS对菲诺沙普和甲基甲磺隆不敏感，分别,抗性指数比S种群高6.12倍和17.46倍。此外，用P450抑制剂预处理显着（P<0.05）逆转了多重耐药的A.fatua对苯氧丙-P-乙基的耐药性，甲基甲磺隆，和异前列酮。塞瑟西迪姆,氟卡巴酮钠，绿藻酮,和cypyrafluone在控制多抗性A.fatua中有效。因此,ACCase和ALS的过表达以合成足够的除草剂靶向蛋白，随着P450介导的代谢，赋予了对非恶沙丙-对乙基的抗性，甲基甲磺隆，和异前列酮在R种群中。
