PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
The COVID-19 era has been a reminder to clinicians around the world of the important role that viral infections play in promoting glomerular disease. Several viral infections including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, Epstein-Barr virus, cytomegalovirus, and parvovirus B19 can cause podocyte injury and present with a collapsing glomerulopathy (CG) variant of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis or minimal change disease. CG associated with COVID-19 has been termed COVID-19-associated nephropathy due to its striking resemblance to HIV-associated nephropathy. Host susceptibility is a major determinant of viral infection-associated CG, and the presence of two APOL1 risk variants explains most of the racial predilection to viral-associated CG observed in individuals of African ancestry. Interactions between APOL1 risk variants, viral genes, and the systemic inflammatory response to viral infection all contribute to kidney injury. This review will summarize our current knowledge of viral infection-associated CG, focusing primarily on the clinical presentation, histological features, mechanisms, and disease course of HIV-associated nephropathy and COVID-19-associated nephropathy.
摘要：
COVID-19时代提醒了世界各地的临床医生，病毒感染在促进肾小球疾病中发挥的重要作用。几种病毒感染，包括人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV），严重急性呼吸道综合征冠状病毒2，EB病毒，巨细胞病毒,细小病毒B19可引起足细胞损伤，并伴有局灶性节段性肾小球硬化或微小病变的塌陷性肾小球病（CG）变体。与COVID-19相关的CG被称为COVID-19相关肾病，因为它与HIV相关肾病非常相似。宿主易感性是病毒感染相关CG的主要决定因素,两种APOL1风险变异的存在解释了在非洲血统个体中观察到的病毒相关CG的大部分种族偏好。APOL1风险变体之间的相互作用，病毒基因，以及对病毒感染的全身炎症反应都会导致肾损伤。这篇综述将总结我们目前对病毒感染相关CG的知识，主要集中在临床表现上，组织学特征，机制,以及HIV相关性肾病和COVID-19相关性肾病的病程。
