Abstract：
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) in chronic schizophrenia patients with tardive dyskinesia (TD) who were long-term hospitalized.
METHODS: Sixty-four inpatients who met the DSM-IV diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia and TD were randomly assigned to either the active (N=35) or sham (N=29) group. Treatment was given 15 times, with each session lasting for 30 min, and an intensity of 2 mA. The anode was placed on the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and the cathode on the right supraorbital region. Primary outcome was measured by the changes in Abnormal Involuntary Movements Scale (AIMS) score. Secondary outcomes were measured using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and the Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS). Adverse effects of tDCS were assessed with an experimenter-administered open-ended questionnaire throughout the experiment.
RESULTS: Of the 64 patients, 52 (81.25%) completed the study. Compared to the sham group, patients in the active group exhibited a significant reduction in both the total AIMS score and the facial-oral subscore (P<0.05). An improvement of at least 30% in total AIMS scores was observed in the active group (14 patients, 50%) compared to the sham group (2 patients, 8.3%) after treatment (P<0.01). There were no between-group differences in the PANSS and SANS total scores. However, there was a significant difference between the two groups in the occurrence of the reported adverse effect of tingling sensation (P<0.05).
CONCLUSIONS: TDCS may be an effective and safe treatment for improving the facial-oral motor symptoms of TD in chronically hospitalized patients with schizophrenia.
CONCLUSIONS: This study provides a novel perspective for the clinical treatment of patients with TD.
METHODS: Sixty-four inpatients who met the DSM-IV diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia and TD were randomly assigned to either the active (N=35) or sham (N=29) group. Treatment was given 15 times, with each session lasting for 30 min, and an intensity of 2 mA. The anode was placed on the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and the cathode on the right supraorbital region. Primary outcome was measured by the changes in Abnormal Involuntary Movements Scale (AIMS) score. Secondary outcomes were measured using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and the Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS). Adverse effects of tDCS were assessed with an experimenter-administered open-ended questionnaire throughout the experiment.
RESULTS: Of the 64 patients, 52 (81.25%) completed the study. Compared to the sham group, patients in the active group exhibited a significant reduction in both the total AIMS score and the facial-oral subscore (P<0.05). An improvement of at least 30% in total AIMS scores was observed in the active group (14 patients, 50%) compared to the sham group (2 patients, 8.3%) after treatment (P<0.01). There were no between-group differences in the PANSS and SANS total scores. However, there was a significant difference between the two groups in the occurrence of the reported adverse effect of tingling sensation (P<0.05).
CONCLUSIONS: TDCS may be an effective and safe treatment for improving the facial-oral motor symptoms of TD in chronically hospitalized patients with schizophrenia.
CONCLUSIONS: This study provides a novel perspective for the clinical treatment of patients with TD.
摘要：
目的：本研究旨在评估经颅直流电刺激（tDCS）对长期住院的慢性精神分裂症伴迟发性运动障碍（TD）患者的疗效和安全性。
方法：64名符合DSM-IV精神分裂症和TD诊断标准的住院患者被随机分配到主动（N=35）或假（N=29）组。治疗15次，每个会话持续30分钟，和2mA的强度。阳极放置在左背外侧前额叶皮质上，阴极放置在右眶上区域。主要结果通过异常非自愿运动量表（AIMS）评分的变化来衡量。次要结果使用阳性和阴性综合征量表（PANSS）和阴性症状评估量表（SANS）进行测量。在整个实验过程中，使用实验者管理的开放式问卷评估tDCS的不良反应。
结果：在64名患者中，52（81.25%）完成了研究。与假手术组相比，活动组患者的AIMS总分和面部-口腔分评分均显著降低(P<0.05).在活动组中观察到AIMS总评分至少30％的改善（14名患者，50%)与假手术组(2例,8.3%)治疗后(P<0.01)。PANSS和SANS总分没有组间差异。然而,两组报告的刺痛感不良反应的发生情况差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。
结论：TDCS可能是改善长期住院精神分裂症患者TD的面部-口腔运动症状的有效且安全的治疗方法。
结论：本研究为TD患者的临床治疗提供了新的视角。
方法：64名符合DSM-IV精神分裂症和TD诊断标准的住院患者被随机分配到主动（N=35）或假（N=29）组。治疗15次，每个会话持续30分钟，和2mA的强度。阳极放置在左背外侧前额叶皮质上，阴极放置在右眶上区域。主要结果通过异常非自愿运动量表（AIMS）评分的变化来衡量。次要结果使用阳性和阴性综合征量表（PANSS）和阴性症状评估量表（SANS）进行测量。在整个实验过程中，使用实验者管理的开放式问卷评估tDCS的不良反应。
结果：在64名患者中，52（81.25%）完成了研究。与假手术组相比，活动组患者的AIMS总分和面部-口腔分评分均显著降低(P<0.05).在活动组中观察到AIMS总评分至少30％的改善（14名患者，50%)与假手术组(2例,8.3%)治疗后(P<0.01)。PANSS和SANS总分没有组间差异。然而,两组报告的刺痛感不良反应的发生情况差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。
结论：TDCS可能是改善长期住院精神分裂症患者TD的面部-口腔运动症状的有效且安全的治疗方法。
结论：本研究为TD患者的临床治疗提供了新的视角。
