Abstract：
The authentication of the entomological origin of honey is a widespread concern, necessitating the prompt establishment of an effective approach for distinguishing between Apis cerana cerana honey (ACH) and Apis mellifera ligustica honey (AMH). Hydroxy fatty acids (HFAs) found in honey are bee-derived components synthesized by the mandibular glands of worker bees. We previously discovered significant variations in the hydroxy fatty acid composition between ACH and AMH, suggesting their potential as indicators for identifying the authenticity of the entomological origin of honey. Herein, we identified differentially expressed genes associated with HFA synthesis by conducting transcriptome sequencing of the mandibular glands of AC and AM honeybees. Subsequently, we proposed a method for the relative quantitative analysis of bee-derived RNA components using real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction, which was supplemented by multivariate statistical analysis to further discern differences in HFA synthesis-related mRNA between ACH and AMH. The results showed that the mRNAs of FAXDC2 (fatty acid hydroxylase domain-containing protein 2) and FAS (fatty acid synthase) may serve as indicators to discern the entomological origin of honey. This study presents two novel biomarkers for detecting mislabeling of the entomological origin in ACH and AMH based on variations in bee-derived components.
摘要：
蜂蜜的昆虫学起源的鉴定是一个普遍的存眷，有必要迅速建立一种有效的方法来区分蜜蜂蜂蜜（ACH）和意大利蜜蜂蜂蜜（AMH）。蜂蜜中发现的羟基脂肪酸（HFA）是由工蜂的下颌腺合成的蜜蜂来源的成分。我们先前发现ACH和AMH之间的羟基脂肪酸组成存在显着差异，表明它们作为识别蜂蜜昆虫学起源真实性的指标的潜力。在这里，我们通过对AC和AM蜜蜂的下颌腺进行转录组测序，鉴定了与HFA合成相关的差异表达基因。随后，我们提出了一种使用实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应对蜜蜂来源的RNA成分进行相对定量分析的方法，通过多变量统计分析进行补充，以进一步辨别ACH和AMH之间HFA合成相关mRNA的差异。结果表明，FAXDC2（含脂肪酸羟化酶结构域的蛋白2）和FAS（脂肪酸合成酶）的mRNA可以作为识别蜂蜜昆虫学起源的指标。这项研究提出了两种新的生物标志物，用于基于蜜蜂衍生成分的变化来检测ACH和AMH中昆虫学起源的错误标记。
