Abstract：
Upon entering the marine environment, plastics are colonized by a plethora of microorganisms to form a plastisphere, influencing the fate and transport of the plastic debris and the health of marine ecosystems. The assembly of marine plastisphere is generally believed to be dominated by stochastic processes. However, it remains elusive whether microbial interaction in the assembly of plastisphere microbial communities is conserved or not. We analyzed the plastisphere microbiomes of 137 plastic debris samples from intertidal zones at different geographical locations and habitats (seagrass, coral, mangrove, beach, and open ocean) and compared them with the surrounding sediment and seawater microbiomes. Microbial community structures of the plastisphere from different locations were more similar to each other but differed substantially from the surrounding sediment and water microbiomes, implying a common mechanism of plastisphere assembly. We used different machine learning algorithms (Multinomial Logistic Regression, Support Vector Machine, Decision Trees, Random Forest, and Artificial Neural Networks) to classify plastic debris samples with high sensitivity based on the microbiome composition. Eukaryotic and prokaryotic phototrophic organisms such as green algae, diatoms, and cyanobacteria, were found to be enriched on the plastic surfaces. Network analysis revealed the central role of the phototrophic organisms in the formation and sustenance of the plastispheres. We found that phototrophs served as core members interacting strongly with heterotrophic organisms in marine plastisphere, irrespective of the sampling location, habitats, and polymer types. This would explain the stochastic assembly of the plastisphere along with conserved properties driven by the phototrophs in the surrounding environment. Our results highlight the importance of phototrophic organisms in shaping the marine plastisphere microbial communities.
摘要：
一旦进入海洋环境，塑料被过多的微生物定植，形成一个塑料球，影响塑料碎片的命运和运输以及海洋生态系统的健康。海洋质体的组装通常被认为是由随机过程主导的。然而,它仍然是难以捉摸的微生物相互作用在组装的塑料球微生物群落是否保守。我们分析了来自不同地理位置和栖息地（海草，珊瑚,红树林,海滩,和开放的海洋），并将它们与周围的沉积物和海水微生物组进行比较。来自不同位置的质体的微生物群落结构彼此更相似，但与周围的沉积物和水微生物群落有很大不同。暗示了一种常见的塑料球组装机制。我们使用了不同的机器学习算法(多项式Logistic回归，支持向量机,决策树,随机森林,和人工神经网络），根据微生物组组成对塑料碎片样品进行高灵敏度分类。真核和原核光养生物，如绿藻，硅藻,和蓝细菌，被发现在塑料表面上富集。网络分析揭示了光养生物在质体球的形成和维持中的核心作用。我们发现，光养生物是与海洋质体中的异养生物强烈相互作用的核心成员，无论采样位置如何，栖息地,和聚合物类型。这将解释质体的随机组装以及由周围环境中的光养生物驱动的保守特性。我们的结果强调了光养生物在塑造海洋质体微生物群落中的重要性。
