Abstract：
Vitreous substitutes and tamponades occupy the vitreous cavity following vitrectomy in the management of various conditions such as retinal detachment, macular hole, and diabetic retinopathy. Such replacements can be for the short term (gases such as sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) and perfluoropropane (C3F8) or long term (such as silicone oils). Certain substitutes such as perfluorocarbon liquids are used only transiently during surgery as \"a third hand\" or rarely till a few days post surgery. Hydrogels and hyaluronan derivatives are among the newer vitreous substitutes that are showing promise for the future, albeit still under investigation. still being investigated for use as vitreous substitutes. These materials have properties similar to the natural vitreous and may offer advantages such as improved biocompatibility and biodegradability. Although vitreous substitutes are valuable tools in treating vitreoretinal conditions, they carry risks and potential complications such as cataract formation, glaucoma, and inflammation. The current communication extensively reviews the available literature on vitreous tamponades. It details the composition and properties of various vitreous substitutes and tamponades available for the clinician, highlighting the techniques of usage, indications, and limitations.
摘要：
在治疗各种疾病如视网膜脱离的玻璃体切除术后，玻璃体替代物和填塞物占据玻璃体腔，黄斑裂孔,和糖尿病视网膜病变。这种替换可以是短期的(诸如六氟化硫(SF6)和全氟丙烷(C3F8)的气体)或长期的(诸如硅油)。某些替代品如全氟化碳液体仅在手术期间作为“第三只手”暂时使用，或者很少使用直到手术后几天。水凝胶和透明质酸衍生物是较新的玻璃体替代品，对未来显示出希望，尽管仍在调查中。仍在研究用作玻璃体替代品。这些材料具有类似于天然玻璃体的性质,并且可以提供诸如改进的生物相容性和生物降解性的优点。尽管玻璃体替代物是治疗玻璃体视网膜疾病的有价值的工具，它们带有风险和潜在的并发症，如白内障形成，青光眼,和炎症。当前的通讯广泛回顾了有关玻璃体填塞剂的可用文献。它详细介绍了临床医生可用的各种玻璃体替代品和填塞剂的组成和特性，突出使用技巧，适应症,和限制。
