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Abstract：
Post-tuberculosis lung disease (PTLD) poses a significant clinical challenge in regions with a high burden of tuberculosis (TB). This review provides a comprehensive overview of PTLD, encompassing its pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnostic modalities, management strategies, long-term outcomes, and public health implications. PTLD arises from residual lung damage following TB treatment and is characterized by a spectrum of pathological changes, including fibrosis, bronchiectasis, and cavitation. Clinical presentation varies widely, from chronic cough and hemoptysis to recurrent respiratory infections, which are oftentimes a diagnostic dilemma. Radiological imaging, pulmonary function tests, and careful consideration of patient history play pivotal roles in diagnosis. Management strategies involve pharmacological interventions to alleviate symptoms and prevent disease progression, which are influenced by the extent of lung damage, comorbidities, and access to healthcare. Rehabilitation programs and surgical options are available for select cases. Prognosis is influenced by the extent of lung damage, comorbidities, and access to healthcare. Prevention efforts through a TB control program and early detection are crucial in reducing the burden of PTLD. This review stresses the importance of understanding and addressing PTLD to mitigate its impact on individuals and public health systems worldwide.
摘要：
结核病后肺病（PTLD）在结核病（TB）高负担的地区提出了重大的临床挑战。这篇综述提供了PTLD的全面概述，包括其发病机理，临床表现，诊断方式，管理策略，长期结果，和公共卫生影响。PTLD产生于结核病治疗后的残余肺损伤，其特征是一系列病理变化，包括纤维化,支气管扩张,和空化。临床表现差异很大，从慢性咳嗽和咯血到反复呼吸道感染，这通常是诊断困境。放射成像,肺功能检查,仔细考虑患者病史在诊断中起着关键作用。管理策略涉及药物干预，以减轻症状和预防疾病进展，受到肺损伤程度的影响，合并症,和获得医疗保健。康复计划和手术选择可用于选择的病例。预后受肺损伤程度的影响，合并症,和获得医疗保健。通过结核病控制计划和早期检测的预防工作对于减轻PTLD的负担至关重要。这篇综述强调了理解和解决PTLD的重要性，以减轻其对全球个人和公共卫生系统的影响。
