PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
UNASSIGNED: Ice hockey is a high pace sports game that requires players to integrate multiple skills. Players face perceptive, cognitive, and motor tasks concurrently; hence, players are regularly exposed to dual- or multi-task demands. Dual-tasking has been shown to lead to decreased performance in one or both performed tasks. The degree of performance reductions might be modulated by the exhaustion of cognitive resources. Literature on dual-task paradigms that combine sport-relevant elements is scarce. Therefore, a novel paradigm combining cyclical speed of the lower extremities and concurrent visuo-verbal speed reading was tested and validated. Additionally, to understand the nature of dual-task costs, the relationship between these costs and cognitive performance was assessed. We hypothesized occurrence of dual-task costs in all athletes without relationship to single task performance. Differences in dual-task cost were expected between open-skill and closed-skill sports, as well as differing expertise levels. Level of cognitive function was expected to explain some variance in dual-task cost.
UNASSIGNED: A total of 322 elite athletes (120 ice hockey, 165 other team sports, 37 closed-skill sports) participated in this study. Each athlete performed a tapping task, a visuo-verbal speed-reading task, and both tasks simultaneously. All ice hockey athletes performed additional cognitive tests assessing processing speed, spatial working memory, sustained attention, two choice reaction time, and motor inhibition.
UNASSIGNED: The results of paired-sample t-tests confirmed significant dual-task costs for all sport groups (p < 0.001). Single-task performance and dual-task costs correlated weakly in a positive direction. A one-way ANOVA revealed significantly greater costs in closed-skill sports athletes than in ice hockey and other sports athletes. No significant differences in dual-task costs were found between teams of differing expertise levels. Lastly, no significant regression model was found to predict dual-task costs from cognitive test performance.
UNASSIGNED: Our study suggests that this novel dual-task paradigm was successful in inducing dual-task costs for all elite athletes. Since it distinguishes between closed-skill and open-skill sports athletes, it might be a valuable diagnostic tool for performance and for talent development of open-skill athletes. Dual-task costs could not be relevantly predicted via cognitive performance measures, questioning cognitive resource theories as an explanation for dual-task costs.
UNASSIGNED: A total of 322 elite athletes (120 ice hockey, 165 other team sports, 37 closed-skill sports) participated in this study. Each athlete performed a tapping task, a visuo-verbal speed-reading task, and both tasks simultaneously. All ice hockey athletes performed additional cognitive tests assessing processing speed, spatial working memory, sustained attention, two choice reaction time, and motor inhibition.
UNASSIGNED: The results of paired-sample t-tests confirmed significant dual-task costs for all sport groups (p < 0.001). Single-task performance and dual-task costs correlated weakly in a positive direction. A one-way ANOVA revealed significantly greater costs in closed-skill sports athletes than in ice hockey and other sports athletes. No significant differences in dual-task costs were found between teams of differing expertise levels. Lastly, no significant regression model was found to predict dual-task costs from cognitive test performance.
UNASSIGNED: Our study suggests that this novel dual-task paradigm was successful in inducing dual-task costs for all elite athletes. Since it distinguishes between closed-skill and open-skill sports athletes, it might be a valuable diagnostic tool for performance and for talent development of open-skill athletes. Dual-task costs could not be relevantly predicted via cognitive performance measures, questioning cognitive resource theories as an explanation for dual-task costs.
摘要：
■冰球是一种需要玩家整合多种技能的高速运动游戏。玩家面对敏锐的，认知，和运动任务同时发生；因此，玩家经常面临双重或多任务的需求。双任务已被证明会导致一个或两个执行任务的性能下降。绩效下降的程度可能会受到认知资源枯竭的影响。关于结合运动相关元素的双重任务范式的文献很少。因此,结合下肢周期性速度和并发视觉-语言速度阅读的新范式进行了测试和验证。此外,为了理解双重任务成本的性质，评估了这些成本与认知表现之间的关系.我们假设所有运动员都会发生双重任务成本，而与单一任务表现无关。预期开放技能运动和封闭技能运动之间的双重任务成本差异，以及不同的专业知识水平。认知功能水平有望解释双重任务成本的某些差异。
■共有322名精英运动员（120名冰球运动员，165其他团队运动，37项封闭式技能运动)参加了这项研究。每个运动员都执行了攻丝任务，视觉语言速读任务，两个任务同时进行。所有冰球运动员都进行了额外的认知测试，评估处理速度，空间工作记忆，持续关注,两种选择反应时间，和运动抑制。
■配对样本t检验的结果证实了所有运动组的显着双重任务成本（p<0.001）。单任务绩效和双任务成本在积极方向上的相关性较弱。单向方差分析显示，封闭技能运动运动员的成本明显高于冰球和其他运动运动员。在不同专业知识水平的团队之间，双重任务成本没有显着差异。最后,没有发现显著的回归模型来预测认知测试表现的双重任务成本。
■我们的研究表明，这种新颖的双任务范式成功地诱导了所有精英运动员的双任务成本。由于它区分了封闭技能和开放技能的运动运动员，它可能是一个有价值的诊断工具，表现和人才发展的开放技能的运动员。双重任务成本不能通过认知绩效指标来相关地预测，质疑认知资源理论对双重任务成本的解释。
■共有322名精英运动员（120名冰球运动员，165其他团队运动，37项封闭式技能运动)参加了这项研究。每个运动员都执行了攻丝任务，视觉语言速读任务，两个任务同时进行。所有冰球运动员都进行了额外的认知测试，评估处理速度，空间工作记忆，持续关注,两种选择反应时间，和运动抑制。
■配对样本t检验的结果证实了所有运动组的显着双重任务成本（p<0.001）。单任务绩效和双任务成本在积极方向上的相关性较弱。单向方差分析显示，封闭技能运动运动员的成本明显高于冰球和其他运动运动员。在不同专业知识水平的团队之间，双重任务成本没有显着差异。最后,没有发现显著的回归模型来预测认知测试表现的双重任务成本。
■我们的研究表明，这种新颖的双任务范式成功地诱导了所有精英运动员的双任务成本。由于它区分了封闭技能和开放技能的运动运动员，它可能是一个有价值的诊断工具，表现和人才发展的开放技能的运动员。双重任务成本不能通过认知绩效指标来相关地预测，质疑认知资源理论对双重任务成本的解释。
