Abstract：
Renal anisotropy is a complex property of the kidney and often poses a challenge in obtaining consistent measurements when using shear wave elastography to detect chronic kidney disease. To circumvent the challenge posed by renal anisotropy in clinical settings, a dimensionless biomarker termed the \'anisotropic ratio\' was introduced to establish a correlation between changes in degree of renal anisotropy and progression of chronic kidney disease through an in silico perspective. To achieve this, an efficient model reduction approach was developed to model the anisotropic property of kidneys. Good agreement between the numerical and experimental data were obtained, as percentage errors of less than 5.5% were reported when compared against experimental phantom measurement from the literature. To demonstrate the applicability of the model to clinical measurements, the anisotropic ratio of sheep kidneys was quantified, with both numerical and derived experimental results reporting a value of .667. Analysis of the anisotropic ratio with progression of chronic kidney disease demonstrated that patients with normal kidneys would have a lower anisotropic ratio of .872 as opposed to patients suffering from renal impairment, in which the anisotropic ratio may increase to .904, as determined from this study. The findings demonstrate the potential of the anisotropic ratio in improving the detection of chronic kidney disease using shear wave elastography.
摘要：
肾脏各向异性是肾脏的复杂特性，并且在使用剪切波弹性成像检测慢性肾脏疾病时，通常会在获得一致的测量结果方面提出挑战。为了规避临床环境中肾脏各向异性带来的挑战，我们引入了一种称为"各向异性比值"的无量纲生物标志物,通过计算机模拟视角,在肾脏各向异性程度的变化与慢性肾脏疾病进展之间建立了相关性.为了实现这一点，开发了一种有效的模型简化方法来对肾脏的各向异性进行建模。获得了数值和实验数据之间的良好一致性，与文献中的实验体模测量相比，报告的误差百分比小于5.5％。为了证明该模型在临床测量中的适用性，量化了绵羊肾脏的各向异性比，数值和推导的实验结果都报告了.667的值。对慢性肾脏疾病进展的各向异性比率的分析表明，与患有肾脏损害的患者相比，肾脏正常的患者的各向异性比率较低，为.872。其中各向异性比可能会增加到.904，从这项研究中确定。研究结果表明，各向异性比在使用剪切波弹性成像改善慢性肾脏疾病的检测方面具有潜力。
