PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
BACKGROUND: Salmonid species have followed markedly divergent evolutionary trajectories in their interactions with sea lice. While sea lice parasitism poses significant economic, environmental, and animal welfare challenges for Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) aquaculture, coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) exhibit near-complete resistance to sea lice, achieved through a potent epithelial hyperplasia response leading to rapid louse detachment. The molecular mechanisms underlying these divergent responses to sea lice are unknown.
RESULTS: We characterized the cellular and molecular responses of Atlantic salmon and coho salmon to sea lice using single-nuclei RNA sequencing. Juvenile fish were exposed to copepodid sea lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis), and lice-attached pelvic fin and skin samples were collected 12 h, 24 h, 36 h, 48 h, and 60 h after exposure, along with control samples. Comparative analysis of control and treatment samples revealed an immune and wound-healing response that was common to both species, but attenuated in Atlantic salmon, potentially reflecting greater sea louse immunomodulation. Our results revealed unique but complementary roles of three layers of keratinocytes in the epithelial hyperplasia response leading to rapid sea lice rejection in coho salmon. Our results suggest that basal keratinocytes direct the expansion and mobility of intermediate and, especially, superficial keratinocytes, which eventually encapsulate the parasite.
CONCLUSIONS: Our results highlight the key role of keratinocytes in coho salmon\'s sea lice resistance and the diverged biological response of the two salmonid host species when interacting with this parasite. This study has identified key pathways and candidate genes that could be manipulated using various biotechnological solutions to improve Atlantic salmon sea lice resistance.
RESULTS: We characterized the cellular and molecular responses of Atlantic salmon and coho salmon to sea lice using single-nuclei RNA sequencing. Juvenile fish were exposed to copepodid sea lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis), and lice-attached pelvic fin and skin samples were collected 12 h, 24 h, 36 h, 48 h, and 60 h after exposure, along with control samples. Comparative analysis of control and treatment samples revealed an immune and wound-healing response that was common to both species, but attenuated in Atlantic salmon, potentially reflecting greater sea louse immunomodulation. Our results revealed unique but complementary roles of three layers of keratinocytes in the epithelial hyperplasia response leading to rapid sea lice rejection in coho salmon. Our results suggest that basal keratinocytes direct the expansion and mobility of intermediate and, especially, superficial keratinocytes, which eventually encapsulate the parasite.
CONCLUSIONS: Our results highlight the key role of keratinocytes in coho salmon\'s sea lice resistance and the diverged biological response of the two salmonid host species when interacting with this parasite. This study has identified key pathways and candidate genes that could be manipulated using various biotechnological solutions to improve Atlantic salmon sea lice resistance.
摘要：
背景：沙门氏菌物种在与海虱的相互作用中遵循了明显不同的进化轨迹。虽然海虱寄生带来了巨大的经济影响，环境,和大西洋鲑鱼(Salmosalar)水产养殖的动物福利挑战，银鲑鱼（Oncorhynchuskisutch）对海虱表现出近乎完全的抵抗力，通过有效的上皮增生反应导致快速的虱子脱离来实现。这些对海虱的不同反应的分子机制尚不清楚。
结果：我们使用单核RNA测序表征了大西洋鲑鱼和银鲑鱼对海虱的细胞和分子反应。幼鱼暴露于co足海虱（Lepeophtheirussalmonis），并收集附着虱子的骨盆鳍和皮肤样本12小时，24h,36h,48h,暴露后60小时，以及对照样品。对照和治疗样品的比较分析显示，这两个物种都有免疫和伤口愈合反应。但在大西洋鲑鱼中减毒，可能反映更大的海虱免疫调节。我们的结果表明，三层角质形成细胞在上皮增生反应中具有独特但互补的作用，从而导致银鲑鱼中海虱的快速排斥。我们的结果表明，基底角质形成细胞指导中间和，尤其是,浅层角质形成细胞，最终包裹了寄生虫。
结论：我们的结果强调了角质形成细胞在银鲑鱼海虱抗性中的关键作用，以及两种鲑鱼宿主物种与这种寄生虫相互作用时的不同生物学反应。这项研究已经确定了关键途径和候选基因，可以使用各种生物技术解决方案来操纵这些途径和候选基因，以提高大西洋鲑鱼海虱的抗性。
结果：我们使用单核RNA测序表征了大西洋鲑鱼和银鲑鱼对海虱的细胞和分子反应。幼鱼暴露于co足海虱（Lepeophtheirussalmonis），并收集附着虱子的骨盆鳍和皮肤样本12小时，24h,36h,48h,暴露后60小时，以及对照样品。对照和治疗样品的比较分析显示，这两个物种都有免疫和伤口愈合反应。但在大西洋鲑鱼中减毒，可能反映更大的海虱免疫调节。我们的结果表明，三层角质形成细胞在上皮增生反应中具有独特但互补的作用，从而导致银鲑鱼中海虱的快速排斥。我们的结果表明，基底角质形成细胞指导中间和，尤其是,浅层角质形成细胞，最终包裹了寄生虫。
结论：我们的结果强调了角质形成细胞在银鲑鱼海虱抗性中的关键作用，以及两种鲑鱼宿主物种与这种寄生虫相互作用时的不同生物学反应。这项研究已经确定了关键途径和候选基因，可以使用各种生物技术解决方案来操纵这些途径和候选基因，以提高大西洋鲑鱼海虱的抗性。
