Abstract：
Pediatric foot development throughout childhood and adolescence can present a diagnostic dilemma for radiologists because imaging appearances may be confused with pathology. Understanding pediatric foot development and anatomical variants, such as accessory ossification centers, is essential to interpret musculoskeletal imaging in children correctly, particularly because many of these variants are incidental but others can be symptomatic. We first briefly review foot embryology. After describing common accessory ossification centers of the foot, we explain the different patterns of foot maturation with attention to irregular ossification and bone marrow development. Common pediatric foot variants and pathology are described, such as tarsal coalitions and fifth metatarsal base fractures. We also discuss pediatric foot alignment and various childhood foot alignment deformities.
摘要：
整个儿童期和青春期的小儿足部发育可能会给放射科医师带来诊断困境，因为影像学表现可能与病理学相混淆。了解小儿足部发育和解剖学变异，如附属骨化中心，对于正确解释儿童的肌肉骨骼成像至关重要，特别是因为这些变异中有许多是偶然的，但其他变异可能是有症状的。我们首先简要回顾足胚胎学。在描述了足部常见的附属骨化中心之后，我们解释了脚成熟的不同模式，并注意不规则骨化和骨髓发育。描述了常见的小儿足部变异和病理，如髌骨联合和第五跖骨基部骨折。我们还讨论了小儿足部对准和各种儿童足部对准畸形。
