PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Phenuiviruses are a class of segmented negative-sense single-stranded RNA viruses, typically consisting of three RNA segments that encode four distinct proteins. The emergence of pathogenic phenuivirus strains, such as Rift Valley fever phlebovirus (RVFV) in sub-Saharan Africa, Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus (SFTSV) in East and Southeast Asia, and Heartland Virus (HRTV) in the United States has presented considerable challenges to global public health in recent years. The innate immune system plays a crucial role as the initial defense mechanism of the host against invading pathogens. In addition to continued research aimed at elucidating the epidemiological characteristics of phenuivirus, significant advancements have been made in investigating its viral virulence factors (glycoprotein, non-structural protein, and nucleoprotein) and potential host-pathogen interactions. Specifically, efforts have focused on understanding mechanisms of viral immune evasion, viral assembly and egress, and host immune networks involving immune cells, programmed cell death, inflammation, nucleic acid receptors, etc. Furthermore, a plethora of technological advancements, including metagenomics, metabolomics, single-cell transcriptomics, proteomics, gene editing, monoclonal antibodies, and vaccines, have been utilized to further our understanding of phenuivirus pathogenesis and host immune responses. Hence, this review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current understanding of the mechanisms of host recognition, viral immune evasion, and potential therapeutic approaches during human pathogenic phenuivirus infections focusing particularly on RVFV and SFTSV.
摘要：
类病毒是一类分段的负义单链RNA病毒,通常由编码四种不同蛋白质的三个RNA片段组成。致病性斑马病毒株的出现，例如撒哈拉以南非洲的裂谷热静脉病毒（RVFV），东亚和东南亚的血小板减少综合征病毒（SFTSV）近年来，美国的心脏地带病毒（HRTV）对全球公共卫生提出了相当大的挑战。先天免疫系统作为宿主抵抗病原体入侵的初始防御机制起着至关重要的作用。除了继续进行旨在阐明斑病毒流行病学特征的研究外，在研究其病毒毒力因子(糖蛋白，非结构蛋白,和核蛋白）和潜在的宿主-病原体相互作用。具体来说,努力集中在理解病毒免疫逃避的机制上，病毒组装和出口，以及涉及免疫细胞的宿主免疫网络，程序性细胞死亡，炎症,核酸受体，等。此外，大量的技术进步，包括宏基因组学，代谢组学，单细胞转录组学，蛋白质组学，基因编辑,单克隆抗体，和疫苗，已被用于进一步了解斑状病毒的发病机制和宿主免疫反应。因此，这项审查旨在全面概述当前对东道国认可机制的理解，病毒免疫逃避，以及在人类致病性斑病毒感染期间的潜在治疗方法，特别关注RVFV和SFTSV。
