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Abstract：
BACKGROUND: Large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) of the bladder is a rare non-urothelial tumor of the bladder. The treatment of LCNEC of the bladder is different from that of urothelial carcinoma (UC); therefore, early and accurate diagnosis is particularly important. As LCNEC of the bladder is rare and its clinical symptoms and radiographic features are similar to those of urothelial tumors, the clinical diagnosis of the disease remains challenging.
METHODS: We report a 72-year-old female patient who presented with gross hematuria for 3 mo. A solitary tumor located in the anterior wall of the bladder was found by cystoscopy. Pathological examination after biopsy suggested UC of the bladder in the absence of immunohistochemical assessment. The patient underwent partial cystectomy and was finally diagnosed with LCNEC (pT2bN0M0) based on the results of postoperative immunohistochemical examination. During the 10-mo follow-up, no signs of tumor recurrence or metastasis were found.
CONCLUSIONS: Immunohistochemical examination is essential for diagnosing LCNEC of the bladder. Accurate diagnosis and multidisciplinary treatment in the early stage of the disease are crucial for improving the prognosis.
METHODS: We report a 72-year-old female patient who presented with gross hematuria for 3 mo. A solitary tumor located in the anterior wall of the bladder was found by cystoscopy. Pathological examination after biopsy suggested UC of the bladder in the absence of immunohistochemical assessment. The patient underwent partial cystectomy and was finally diagnosed with LCNEC (pT2bN0M0) based on the results of postoperative immunohistochemical examination. During the 10-mo follow-up, no signs of tumor recurrence or metastasis were found.
CONCLUSIONS: Immunohistochemical examination is essential for diagnosing LCNEC of the bladder. Accurate diagnosis and multidisciplinary treatment in the early stage of the disease are crucial for improving the prognosis.
摘要：
背景：膀胱大细胞神经内分泌癌（LCNEC）是一种罕见的膀胱非尿路上皮肿瘤。膀胱LCNEC的治疗不同于尿路上皮癌（UC）；因此，早期准确诊断尤为重要。由于膀胱的LCNEC很少见，其临床症状和影像学特征与尿路上皮肿瘤相似，该疾病的临床诊断仍然具有挑战性。
方法：我们报告一名72岁女性患者，表现为肉眼血尿3个月。膀胱镜检查发现位于膀胱前壁的孤立性肿瘤。活检后的病理检查提示在没有免疫组织化学评估的情况下膀胱UC。患者行膀胱部分切除术，根据术后免疫组织化学检查结果最终诊断为LCNEC（pT2bN0M0）。在10个月的随访中，未发现肿瘤复发或转移的迹象。
结论：免疫组织化学检查对膀胱LCNEC的诊断至关重要。疾病早期的准确诊断和多学科治疗对改善预后至关重要。
方法：我们报告一名72岁女性患者，表现为肉眼血尿3个月。膀胱镜检查发现位于膀胱前壁的孤立性肿瘤。活检后的病理检查提示在没有免疫组织化学评估的情况下膀胱UC。患者行膀胱部分切除术，根据术后免疫组织化学检查结果最终诊断为LCNEC（pT2bN0M0）。在10个月的随访中，未发现肿瘤复发或转移的迹象。
结论：免疫组织化学检查对膀胱LCNEC的诊断至关重要。疾病早期的准确诊断和多学科治疗对改善预后至关重要。
