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Abstract：
BACKGROUND: Studies have revealed that Children\'s psychological, behavioral, and emotional problems are easily influenced by the family environment. In recent years, the family structure in China has undergone significant changes, with more families having two or three children.
OBJECTIVE: To explore the relationship between emotional behavior and parental job stress in only preschool and non-only preschool children.
METHODS: Children aged 3-6 in kindergartens in four main urban areas of Shijiazhuang were selected by stratified sampling for a questionnaire and divided into only and non-only child groups. Their emotional behaviors and parental pressure were compared. Only and non-only children were paired in a 1:1 ratio by class and age (difference less than or equal to 6 months), and the matched data were compared. The relationship between children\'s emotional behavior and parents\' job stress before and after matching was analyzed.
RESULTS: Before matching, the mother\'s occupation, children\'s personality characteristics, and children\'s rearing patterns differed between the groups (P < 0.05). After matching 550 pairs, differences in the children\'s parenting styles remained. There were significant differences in children\'s gender and parents\' attitudes toward children between the two groups. The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) scores of children in the only child group and the Parenting Stress Index-Short Form (PSI-SF) scores of parents were significantly lower than those in the non-only child group (P < 0.05). Pearson\'s correlation analysis showed that after matching, there was a positive correlation between children\'s parenting style and parents\' attitudes toward their children (r = 0.096, P < 0.01), and the PSI-SF score was positively correlated with children\'s gender, parents\' attitudes toward their children, and SDQ scores (r = 0.077, 0.193, 0.172, 0.222).
CONCLUSIONS: Preschool children\'s emotional behavior and parental pressure were significantly higher in multi-child families. Parental pressure in differently structured families was associated with many factors, and preschool children\'s emotional behavior was positively correlated with parental pressure.
OBJECTIVE: To explore the relationship between emotional behavior and parental job stress in only preschool and non-only preschool children.
METHODS: Children aged 3-6 in kindergartens in four main urban areas of Shijiazhuang were selected by stratified sampling for a questionnaire and divided into only and non-only child groups. Their emotional behaviors and parental pressure were compared. Only and non-only children were paired in a 1:1 ratio by class and age (difference less than or equal to 6 months), and the matched data were compared. The relationship between children\'s emotional behavior and parents\' job stress before and after matching was analyzed.
RESULTS: Before matching, the mother\'s occupation, children\'s personality characteristics, and children\'s rearing patterns differed between the groups (P < 0.05). After matching 550 pairs, differences in the children\'s parenting styles remained. There were significant differences in children\'s gender and parents\' attitudes toward children between the two groups. The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) scores of children in the only child group and the Parenting Stress Index-Short Form (PSI-SF) scores of parents were significantly lower than those in the non-only child group (P < 0.05). Pearson\'s correlation analysis showed that after matching, there was a positive correlation between children\'s parenting style and parents\' attitudes toward their children (r = 0.096, P < 0.01), and the PSI-SF score was positively correlated with children\'s gender, parents\' attitudes toward their children, and SDQ scores (r = 0.077, 0.193, 0.172, 0.222).
CONCLUSIONS: Preschool children\'s emotional behavior and parental pressure were significantly higher in multi-child families. Parental pressure in differently structured families was associated with many factors, and preschool children\'s emotional behavior was positively correlated with parental pressure.
摘要：
背景：研究表明，儿童的心理，行为，情绪问题容易受到家庭环境的影响。近年来,中国的家庭结构发生了重大变化，更多的家庭有两个或三个孩子。
目的：探讨仅学龄前和非学龄前儿童的情绪行为与父母工作压力之间的关系。
方法：采用分层抽样的方法选取石家庄4个主城区幼儿园3～6岁儿童进行问卷调查，分为独生子女组和非独生子女组。比较了他们的情绪行为和父母的压力。独生子女和非独生子女按班级和年龄以1:1的比例配对（差异小于或等于6个月），并对匹配的数据进行比较。分析匹配前后儿童情绪行为与父母工作压力的关系。
结果：在匹配之前，母亲的职业，儿童的个性特征，儿童教养方式组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。匹配550对之后,孩子们的教养方式仍然存在差异。两组儿童的性别和父母对儿童的态度存在显着差异。独生子女组儿童的力量和困难问卷（SDQ）得分和父母的父母压力指数简表（PSI-SF）得分明显低于非独生子女组（P<0.05）。皮尔逊相关分析表明，匹配后，儿童的父母教养方式与父母对子女的态度呈正相关(r=0.096,P<0.01),PSI-SF评分与儿童性别呈正相关，父母对孩子的态度，和SDQ得分(r=0.077、0.193、0.172、0.222)。
结论：学龄前儿童的情绪行为和父母压力在多子女家庭中明显更高。结构不同家庭的父母压力与许多因素有关，学龄前儿童的情绪行为与父母压力呈正相关。
目的：探讨仅学龄前和非学龄前儿童的情绪行为与父母工作压力之间的关系。
方法：采用分层抽样的方法选取石家庄4个主城区幼儿园3～6岁儿童进行问卷调查，分为独生子女组和非独生子女组。比较了他们的情绪行为和父母的压力。独生子女和非独生子女按班级和年龄以1:1的比例配对（差异小于或等于6个月），并对匹配的数据进行比较。分析匹配前后儿童情绪行为与父母工作压力的关系。
结果：在匹配之前，母亲的职业，儿童的个性特征，儿童教养方式组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。匹配550对之后,孩子们的教养方式仍然存在差异。两组儿童的性别和父母对儿童的态度存在显着差异。独生子女组儿童的力量和困难问卷（SDQ）得分和父母的父母压力指数简表（PSI-SF）得分明显低于非独生子女组（P<0.05）。皮尔逊相关分析表明，匹配后，儿童的父母教养方式与父母对子女的态度呈正相关(r=0.096,P<0.01),PSI-SF评分与儿童性别呈正相关，父母对孩子的态度，和SDQ得分(r=0.077、0.193、0.172、0.222)。
结论：学龄前儿童的情绪行为和父母压力在多子女家庭中明显更高。结构不同家庭的父母压力与许多因素有关，学龄前儿童的情绪行为与父母压力呈正相关。
