Abstract：
One hundred and forty bitches and their offspring (689 puppies) were involved in this study. The influence of different maternal features such as age, breed (brachycephalic/non-brachycephalic), previous births (primiparous/multiparous), health status (complete/incomplete) and litter size over the type of cesarean sections (scheduled/emergency), the neonatal survival, and the incidence of congenital malformations were also examined. Scheduled cesareans were predominant (104/140), of which 90 % were brachycephalic breeds and females were mostly between 2 and 4 years old (54.8 %), multiparous (88.4 %) and with a correct health status (67.3 %). Emergency cesarean sections mainly involved non-brachycephalic breeds (80 %) and were carried out mostly in females under 4 years of age (72.2 %), primiparous (77.7 %), with incomplete health status and a large litter size (47.2 %). Perinatal mortality was notably higher in emergency C-sections (3.25 % and 13.3 %, scheduled and emergency C-sections, respectively); the highest incidence of neonatal mortality was recorded in young females (<2, 2-4 years old), primiparous and with incomplete health status. Congenital anomalies were observed in 4.50 % (31/689) of the puppies, with anasarca (38.71 %) and cleft palate (29.03 %) being the most frequently observed malformations. A higher incidence of congenital malformations was detected in puppies from dams with incomplete sanitary health and from inbreeding cross. Overall, the study provides valuable insights into the complex interplay between maternal characteristics and cesarean outcomes. Appropriate genetic selection, good sanitary health conditions, and the age of the reproducers, are pivotal factors in planning for gestation and improving the survival of neonates.
摘要：
本研究涉及一百四十只母狗及其后代（689只小狗）。不同的母亲特征，如年龄的影响，品种（短头/非短头），以前的分娩（初产/多产），健康状况（完整/不完整）和产仔数超过剖宫产类型（计划/紧急），新生儿生存,还检查了先天性畸形的发生率。预定的剖腹产占主导地位(104/140)，其中90％是短脑品种，女性大多在2至4岁之间（54.8％），经胎(88.4%)，健康状况正确(67.3%)。急诊剖宫产手术主要涉及非短头畸形（80％），主要在4岁以下的女性中进行（72.2％），初产妇(77.7%)，健康状况不完全，产仔数大（47.2%）。急诊剖腹产的围产期死亡率明显较高（3.25％和13.3％，定期和紧急剖腹产，分别）；新生儿死亡率最高的是年轻女性（<2，2-4岁），初产妇，健康状况不完全。在4.50％（31/689）的幼犬中观察到先天性异常，最常见的畸形是anasarca（38.71％）和left裂（29.03％）。在卫生健康不完全的水坝和近亲繁殖的幼犬中，发现先天性畸形的发生率更高。总的来说,该研究为产妇特征与剖宫产结局之间复杂的相互作用提供了有价值的见解.适当的遗传选择，良好的卫生条件，和复制者的时代，是计划妊娠和提高新生儿生存率的关键因素。
