PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
BACKGROUND: Evidence suggests that coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is associated with the risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). However, the results are inconsistent, and the causality remains to be established. We aimed to investigate the potential causal relationship between COVID-19 and CVDs by using two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis.
METHODS: Summary-level data for COVID-19 and CVDs including myocarditis, heart failure (HF), acute myocardial infarction (AMI), arrhythmia and venous thromboembolism (VTE) were obtained from the IEU OpenGWAS project, a public genome-wide association study (GWAS). Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were used as instrumental variables. Five complementary MR methods were performed, including inverse variance weighted (IVW), MR-Egger, weighted median, weighted mode and simple mode methods. IVW method was considered as the primary approach. Besides, sensitivity analyses, including Cochran\'s Q test, MR-Egger intercept test, and leave-one-out analysis, were performed to evaluate the robustness of the results.
RESULTS: According to the IVW results, our MR study indicated that genetically predicted COVID-19 was not causally connected with the risk of CVDs [myocarditis: odds ratio (OR) = 1.407, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.761-2.602, p-value = 0.277; HF: OR = 1.180, 95% CI = 0.980-1.420, p-value = 0.080; AMI: OR = 1.002, 95% CI = 0.998-1.005, p-value = 0.241; arrhythmia: OR = 0.865, 95% CI = 0.717-1.044, p-value = 0.132; VTE: OR = 1.013, 95% CI = 0.997-1.028, p-value = 0.115]. The supplementary MR methods showed similar results. Sensitivity analyses suggested that the causal estimates were robust.
CONCLUSIONS: This two-sample MR analysis did not provide sufficient evidence for a causal relationship between COVID-19 and the risk of acute CVDs, which may provide new insights into the prevention of acute CVDs in COVID-19 patients.
METHODS: Summary-level data for COVID-19 and CVDs including myocarditis, heart failure (HF), acute myocardial infarction (AMI), arrhythmia and venous thromboembolism (VTE) were obtained from the IEU OpenGWAS project, a public genome-wide association study (GWAS). Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were used as instrumental variables. Five complementary MR methods were performed, including inverse variance weighted (IVW), MR-Egger, weighted median, weighted mode and simple mode methods. IVW method was considered as the primary approach. Besides, sensitivity analyses, including Cochran\'s Q test, MR-Egger intercept test, and leave-one-out analysis, were performed to evaluate the robustness of the results.
RESULTS: According to the IVW results, our MR study indicated that genetically predicted COVID-19 was not causally connected with the risk of CVDs [myocarditis: odds ratio (OR) = 1.407, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.761-2.602, p-value = 0.277; HF: OR = 1.180, 95% CI = 0.980-1.420, p-value = 0.080; AMI: OR = 1.002, 95% CI = 0.998-1.005, p-value = 0.241; arrhythmia: OR = 0.865, 95% CI = 0.717-1.044, p-value = 0.132; VTE: OR = 1.013, 95% CI = 0.997-1.028, p-value = 0.115]. The supplementary MR methods showed similar results. Sensitivity analyses suggested that the causal estimates were robust.
CONCLUSIONS: This two-sample MR analysis did not provide sufficient evidence for a causal relationship between COVID-19 and the risk of acute CVDs, which may provide new insights into the prevention of acute CVDs in COVID-19 patients.
摘要：
背景：证据表明2019年冠状病毒病（COVID-19）与心血管疾病（CVDs）的风险相关。然而,结果不一致，因果关系还有待确定。我们旨在通过双样本孟德尔随机化（MR）分析来研究COVID-19与CVD之间的潜在因果关系。
方法：COVID-19和包括心肌炎在内的CVD的汇总数据，心力衰竭(HF),急性心肌梗死(AMI),心律失常和静脉血栓栓塞（VTE）来自IEUOpenGWAS项目，一项公开的全基因组关联研究(GWAS)。单核苷酸多态性（SNP）用作工具变量。进行了五种互补的MR方法，包括逆方差加权(IVW)，MR-Egger,加权中位数，加权模式和简单模式方法。IVW方法被认为是主要方法。此外,敏感性分析，包括Cochran的Q测试,MR-Egger截距测试,和遗漏分析，进行了评估结果的稳健性。
结果：根据IVW结果，我们的MR研究表明，遗传预测的COVID-19与CVDs的风险无因果关系[心肌炎：比值比（OR）=1.407，95％置信区间（CI）=0.761-2.602，p值=0.277；HF：OR=1.180，95％CI=0.980-1.420，p值=0.080；AMI：OR=1.002％0.994％OR=1.00132，pCI=0.9补充MR方法显示相似的结果。敏感性分析表明，因果估计是稳健的。
结论：这项双样本MR分析没有提供足够的证据证明COVID-19与急性CVD风险之间存在因果关系，这可能为预防COVID-19患者急性CVD提供新的见解。
方法：COVID-19和包括心肌炎在内的CVD的汇总数据，心力衰竭(HF),急性心肌梗死(AMI),心律失常和静脉血栓栓塞（VTE）来自IEUOpenGWAS项目，一项公开的全基因组关联研究(GWAS)。单核苷酸多态性（SNP）用作工具变量。进行了五种互补的MR方法，包括逆方差加权(IVW)，MR-Egger,加权中位数，加权模式和简单模式方法。IVW方法被认为是主要方法。此外,敏感性分析，包括Cochran的Q测试,MR-Egger截距测试,和遗漏分析，进行了评估结果的稳健性。
结果：根据IVW结果，我们的MR研究表明，遗传预测的COVID-19与CVDs的风险无因果关系[心肌炎：比值比（OR）=1.407，95％置信区间（CI）=0.761-2.602，p值=0.277；HF：OR=1.180，95％CI=0.980-1.420，p值=0.080；AMI：OR=1.002％0.994％OR=1.00132，pCI=0.9补充MR方法显示相似的结果。敏感性分析表明，因果估计是稳健的。
结论：这项双样本MR分析没有提供足够的证据证明COVID-19与急性CVD风险之间存在因果关系，这可能为预防COVID-19患者急性CVD提供新的见解。
