Abstract：
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of a \"telestration\" system in which the mentor annotates the view of the surgical field, for endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery (ETS).
METHODS: The use of telestration was evaluated for sellar floor-opening during ETS and for a task performed using ETS simulation training. During ETS, the mentor outlined the opening area of the sella turcica on the monitor and then the trainee surgeon opened the sella, either with the telestration displayed (telestration (+) group, n = 8) or without (telestration (-) group, n = 7). In the task using an ETS training model, 18 subjects were asked to touch the indicated targets with the forceps, once with the instructions given via telestration and once with verbal instructions only.
RESULTS: During ETS, the telestration (+) group had a significantly higher concordance rate between the planned bone window and actual bone window than the telestration (-) group (92.97 ± 4.16% vs. 77.57 ± 10.51%, P = 0.014). In the ETS model, the time required to finish the task was significantly less with telestration than with verbal instructions alone (P = 0.002). None of the subjects had errors when telestration was used, while subjects made an average of 0.33 ± 0.59 errors and had to re-listen to the instructions 0.27 ± 0.46 times when only verbal instructions were given.
CONCLUSIONS: The use of the telestration system during ETS facilitated the communication of the mentor\'s intentions to the trainee surgeon and contributed to safer, more accurate surgery. The system was also thought to be useful in reducing operative time.
METHODS: The use of telestration was evaluated for sellar floor-opening during ETS and for a task performed using ETS simulation training. During ETS, the mentor outlined the opening area of the sella turcica on the monitor and then the trainee surgeon opened the sella, either with the telestration displayed (telestration (+) group, n = 8) or without (telestration (-) group, n = 7). In the task using an ETS training model, 18 subjects were asked to touch the indicated targets with the forceps, once with the instructions given via telestration and once with verbal instructions only.
RESULTS: During ETS, the telestration (+) group had a significantly higher concordance rate between the planned bone window and actual bone window than the telestration (-) group (92.97 ± 4.16% vs. 77.57 ± 10.51%, P = 0.014). In the ETS model, the time required to finish the task was significantly less with telestration than with verbal instructions alone (P = 0.002). None of the subjects had errors when telestration was used, while subjects made an average of 0.33 ± 0.59 errors and had to re-listen to the instructions 0.27 ± 0.46 times when only verbal instructions were given.
CONCLUSIONS: The use of the telestration system during ETS facilitated the communication of the mentor\'s intentions to the trainee surgeon and contributed to safer, more accurate surgery. The system was also thought to be useful in reducing operative time.
摘要：
目的：评估导师注释手术视野的“远程记忆”系统的有效性，内窥镜经蝶窦手术（ETS）。
方法：评估了在ETS期间对鞍层地板打开以及使用ETS模拟训练执行的任务的使用情况。在ETS期间,导师在监视器上勾勒出了蝶鞍的开口区域，然后实习外科医生打开了蝶鞍，显示远程通信(远程通信(+)组，n=8)或无(电信(-)组，n=7)。在使用ETS训练模型的任务中,18名受试者被要求用镊子触摸指定的目标，一次是通过电报给出的指令，一次是只有口头指令。
结果：在ETS期间，telepation(+)组计划骨窗与实际骨窗的一致率明显高于telepation(-)组(92.97±4.16%vs.77.57±10.51%，P=0.014)。在ETS模型中,完成任务所需的时间显著少于仅使用口头指令(P=0.002).当使用电传时，没有一个受试者有错误，而受试者平均错误为0.33±0.59，当只给出口头指令时，必须重新听0.27±0.46次指令。
结论：在ETS期间使用远程传送系统促进了导师意图与受训外科医生的沟通，并有助于更安全，更准确的手术。该系统也被认为可用于减少手术时间。
方法：评估了在ETS期间对鞍层地板打开以及使用ETS模拟训练执行的任务的使用情况。在ETS期间,导师在监视器上勾勒出了蝶鞍的开口区域，然后实习外科医生打开了蝶鞍，显示远程通信(远程通信(+)组，n=8)或无(电信(-)组，n=7)。在使用ETS训练模型的任务中,18名受试者被要求用镊子触摸指定的目标，一次是通过电报给出的指令，一次是只有口头指令。
结果：在ETS期间，telepation(+)组计划骨窗与实际骨窗的一致率明显高于telepation(-)组(92.97±4.16%vs.77.57±10.51%，P=0.014)。在ETS模型中,完成任务所需的时间显著少于仅使用口头指令(P=0.002).当使用电传时，没有一个受试者有错误，而受试者平均错误为0.33±0.59，当只给出口头指令时，必须重新听0.27±0.46次指令。
结论：在ETS期间使用远程传送系统促进了导师意图与受训外科医生的沟通，并有助于更安全，更准确的手术。该系统也被认为可用于减少手术时间。
