Abstract：
T peripheral helper (Tph) cells are a newly discovered subtype of CD4+ T cells that have emerged as the counterpart of T follicular helper (Tfh) cells in the peripheral tissues. These two cell types share some common characteristics, such as high levels of PD1 and CXCL13 expression, but differ in the expression of transcription factors and chemokine receptors. Tph cells have been studied in relation to B cells\' effector functions, including cytokines production and antibody-mediated immune responses. However, their role in the inflammatory-mediated development of malignancies remains poorly understood. Tph cells were initially identified in the synovium of rheumatoid arthritis patients and have since been found to be expanded in several autoimmune diseases. They have been linked to a worse prognosis in autoimmune conditions, but intriguingly, their presence has been correlated with better outcomes in certain types of cancer. The functions of Tph cells are still being investigated, but recent data suggests their involvement in the assembly of tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS). Furthermore, their interaction with B cells, which have been mainly described as possessing a memory phenotype, promotes their development. In this review, we explore the role of Tph cells in peripheral immune responses during cancer and autoimmune disorders.
摘要：
T外周辅助（Tph）细胞是新发现的CD4T细胞亚型，已在外周组织中作为T滤泡辅助（Tfh）细胞的对应物出现。这两种细胞有一些共同的特征，如高水平的PD1和CXCL13表达，但转录因子和趋化因子受体的表达不同。已经研究了Tph细胞与B细胞效应子功能的关系，包括细胞因子的产生和抗体介导的免疫应答。然而,它们在炎症介导的恶性肿瘤发展中的作用仍知之甚少.Tph细胞最初是在类风湿性关节炎患者的滑膜中鉴定的，此后已被发现在几种自身免疫性疾病中扩增。它们与自身免疫性疾病的预后较差有关，但有趣的是，它们的存在与某些类型癌症的更好结局相关.Tph细胞的功能仍在研究中，但是最近的数据表明它们参与了三级淋巴结构（TLS）的组装。此外，它们与B细胞的相互作用，主要被描述为具有记忆表型，促进其发展。在这次审查中,我们探讨了Tph细胞在癌症和自身免疫性疾病期间的外周免疫反应中的作用.
